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(p. 919) Index
(p. 919) Index
Abbas, S., 770
Abu Ghraib prison, 639
Abu-Lughod, L., 655
Abzug, B., 709
Accra Agenda for Action (AAA), 496–97
Ackerly, B., 886
Activism. see also specific organizations
achievements, 124–27
Assembly of Social Movements, 67
Bosnia, 62
China, 595–600
community-based struggles, 126–27
definitions, 54–57
Eastern Europe, 54
feminist principles, 54–55
global civil society, 56
global restructuring effects on, 57–59
grassroots, 56–57
information and communications technologies (ICTs), 56
internationalist identity-solidarity logic, 56
literature review, 54–57
organizations list, 60–61t
privilege, 126
social media (see social media activism)
social networking media, 56
structural adjustment policies, 57–58
transnational feminist networks (TFNs) (see transnational feminist networks (TFNs))
transnational IGO-advocacy logic, 56
war, imperialism, 62
Addams, J., 707–9
Addis Ababa Declaration on Population and Development, 286–87
Adolescent girls. see girls in development
Affective Communities (Gandhi), 560
Afghanistan
activism, 62
constitution, 674–75
elections, 674
gendered Islamist agenda, 670
gender equality reforms, 670
gender segregation, 671
loya jirga,
674
Afkhami, M., 68
Africa. see also specific countries
apartheid, 489
Binti Pamoja program, 907–8
care, caregiving in, 433–40
cash transfer programs, 433–34
Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), 770
crises identification, 164
discrimination universality, 381–83
“Growing Girls and Women” (GWIN) Programme, 492
illiteracy, 898–99
preschool education, 434
SRHR movement, 286–88
state-society relations, 618–19
Transvaal death camps, 705
women, subordination of, 380–81
Women’s Budget Initiative (WBI), 489–90
African Feminist Forum (AFF), 509
African Women’s Development Fund (AWDF), 509
Africa Trade Policy Centre (ATPC), 464–65
Agathangelou, A., 398
Agency
Ahmed, Z., 165
Alibhai-Brown, Y., 888
All-China Federation of Trade Unions, 592
Alliance building
citizenship, 610–12
political participation, representation, 240
sexual, reproductive health/rights, 289–90
Alliance for the Female Vote, 536
Alternative Summit, 817
Alvarado, M. J., 535
Ambrose, Rona, 408
Amnesty International, 402–3
AMPLIFY, 911
Amuchastegui, A., 328
Anderlini, S., 726
Anderson, C., 256–57
“A New Global Partnership,” 889–90
Anwar, Z., 661
Anzaldua, G., 119
Appleby, R. S., 664
Arab Women’s Solidarity Association (AWSA), 60t
Arat-Koc, S., 398
Argentina
democratization processes, 535–37
motherist, difference identities, 150–51
neoliberalism, 85
peace movements, 712
state building, rebuilding, 782
Armed conflict. see militarism
Asia. see Southasian feminist movements; specific countries
Asia Pacific Conference on Population and Development, 285
Assembly of Social Movements, 67
Australia
Afghan refugees, 261
East Timorese (see Timor-Leste)
femocrat terminology, 197
gender equality policies, 489
Idle No More (INM) movement, 106
peace camps, 711
scholarly collaborations, 327
Solomon Islands (see Solomon Islands)
(p. 922)
Autonomous Region of Bougainville (ARB)
Action Plan on UNSCR 1325, 760
armed conflict, 755
Bougainville Action Plan, 758
Bougainville Constitutional Commission (BCC), 759
Constitution, 758–59
Council of Elders Act, 759
international interventions, 757–58
justice system, 757
Peace and Security Commission, 760
UN Observer Mission in Papua New Guinea (UNOMB), 758
UN Political Office in Bougainville (UNPOB), 757
weapons disposal, 758
Autonomy. see agency
Bahrain Women Association for Human Development, 71t
Bahuguna, S., 843
Baksh, R., 715
Balakrishnan, R., 499
Bali Global Youth Forum Declaration, 283–84
Bali Principles of Climate Justice, 816
Bangladesh
anti-acid violence movement, 620
birongonas (heroic women), 562
glocal movements, 20
power configurations 2006, 562
social protection programs, 909
violence against women, 620
women food vendors, 141
Barron, T., 902
Barrow, N., 162
Baskin, C., 397
Basu, A., 685
Batliwala, S., 839
Bat Shalom, 712
Baumol, W., 425
Beal, J., 236
Bebel, A., 706
Bedford, K., 653
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action
abortions, sexuality, 272
anniversary, 1
care policy agenda, 39
crises identification, 726
critical areas of concern, 896
drafting, 224–25
employment policies, 190
global negotiations, twenty year review, 209
ICT activism, 862
policy achievements, 224
ten-year evaluation, 126
Bello, A., 542
Benard, C., 770
Bernardino, M., 161
Bhan, G., 253
Bhatt, C. P., 843
Bhatt, E., 140
Bhattacharjee, A., 396
Bhatti, S., 678
Black, A., 397
Black and Third World Women’s Liberation Alliance, 710
Blofield, M., 440
Body ownership. see also sex trafficking; sexual, reproductive health/rights (SRHR)
bioinformatic bodies, 259
capitalism’s influence, 260
China, 588–90
as entitlement, 258
forced sterilization, sterilization abuse, 254–55
forced sterilization policies, 542
forced virginity tests, 252
organ trafficking, 253
overview, 249–50
racism, 253–54
reproductive rights, 252
self-propriety, 256–57
sexting, 262
social ontology, 257–58
weaponized bodies, 261–62
Bolivia
climate justice, 825
feminist political ecology, 804
fundamentalisms, 660
political violence legislation, 230
sexual, reproductive health/rights, 284
Bouazizi, M., 261
Bougainville. see Autonomous Region of Bougainville (ARB)
Boulding, E., 149
Brahimi, L., 730
Brazil
adolescent sexuality, 281–82
anti-globalization movement, 539
fundamentalisms, 660
indigenous communities activism, 541
organ trafficking, 253
participatory budgeting, 782
Republican Feminist Party, 536
Rubber Tappers’ movement, 798–800
STEM, 865
WLP activism, 71–72t
women’s economic roles, 162
Brumberg, R., 54
Brzezinski, Z., 669
Burns, J. M., 219
Busan Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation, 497
Cacho, L., 718
Çağatay, N., 449
Call Off Your Old Tired Ethics (COYOTE), 300
Canada
fundamentalisms, 660
immigration policies, 408
political economy, 88–89
political participation, representation, 233–34
privilege in, 88
protection of civilians, 732
shelter services in, 399
Sisters in Spirit campaign, 402–3
Women’s Program, 89
Caprioli, M., 774
Care, caregiving
care mix/care diamond, 428
class/race exclusion, 434–35
concepts, definitions, 427–28
conditionalities, 437
cross-border migration, 427
early childhood education and care services (ECEC), 433–37
engagement, 423–25
good quality care, 425–27
human capital perspective, 430
poverty, 432–34
preconditions, 438
preschool education, 434–35
service segmentation, 435
social reproduction, 425
voluntarism, 437–38
Carnero, S., 540
Cartography
achievements, 124–27
asymmetries, 119
Eurasia, 119
gender decentralization, 120–23
gender equality, 125
gender mainstreaming, 126
nation-state, 119–20
non-essentialism, 122
place, 117
post socialism, 119
Second world, 119
unidirectionality vs. bidirectionality, 118–19
Casper, M. J., 310
Castillejo, C., 769
Catholic Family and Human Rights Institute (C-Fam), 274
Catholics for Choice, 661
CEDAW
compliance monitoring, 369
culture, stereotyping effects in general, 370–71
educational achievements, 373–74
features, strengths, 369–70
gender segregation in education, 376–77
governments’ accountability for implementation, 386–88
ICT activism, 862
Islamist attacks against, 662
legal discrimination, 380–81
MENA campaign, 75
NGO involvement, 383–88
objectification of women by the media, 377–78
religious discrimination, 380–81
Resolution 12 on Violence Against Women, 715
women, subordination of, 380–81
Center for Global Development, 906
Central Appalachian Women’s Tribunal, 827
Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR), 489–90
Centro de Investigación para la Acción Femenina (Center for Feminist Action and Research, CIPAF), 326–27
Centros Belén de Sárraga, 536
Chandralekha, 557
Chandran, R., 783
Charlesworth, H., 736
Charrad, M. M., 618
Charter of Feminist Principles for African Feminists, 509
Charter of People’s Rights, 567
Chattopadhaya, K., 257
Chavez, M., 219
Chen G., 599
Chicago Metro tribunal, 827
Chicago Women’s Liberation Union, 710
Chile
activism, 150–51
cash transfer programs, 433–34
climate justice, 825
fundamentalisms, 652
neoliberalism, 85
political participation, representation, 238
China
activism, 595–600
All-China Federation of Trade Unions, 592
body ownership, 588–90
Chinese Constitution, 579
co-optation, collusion in, 33
divorce law, 598–99
floating population, 592
forced evictions, 594–95
gender biases, 33
glocal movements, 21
labor strikes, 592
Marxism, 587
maternity leave, 599
open door policy, 591–93
pay-as-you-go system, 594
peace movements, 712
poverty headcount ratio, 578–79
relief efforts, gender-blind approach to, 599
retirement age, 594
sex ratio, 371
sex trafficking, 589
social reproduction, 425
township and village enterprises (TVEs), 590
trade unions, 592
Women’s Federation, 146
Women’s Voice,
597
Chinkin, C., 736
Christensen, H. S., 891
Citizen by the National Constituent Assembly, 353
Citizenship
alliance building, 610–12
bounded communities, 619
concepts in development discourse, 613–15
democracies, issues in, 616–17
feminist activism history, 608–11
feminist voice, influence, 614–15
First-Third World tensions, 610
fundamentalisms, 655
gender justice, 614
governance feminism, 611–12
governmentality, 617
intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), 611
international conflict feminism, 621–22
legal personhood, 617–18
marginalization, subordination, 610
minority women, 607–8
Nepal, 558
Pakistan, 561–62
patriarchy, 610
peace movements, 704
privilege, 610
social welfare, 616
solidarity in difference, 876
Sri Lanka, 558
Third World difference, 609
WID advocacy, 610
Climate justice
engagement with, 22
epistemic violence, 829
gender balance, 824–25
globalization, 817–19
green economy, 830
human rights approach, 817
movement history, 816–17
South Africa, 816
transnational feminist networks, 817–19
UN conferences participation, 828–29
women, passive imaginary of, 825–26
Climate Justice Now! network, 816
Climate Justice Summits, 816
Coalition for Adolescent Girls, 900
Coalition on Sexual and Bodily Rights in Muslim Societies (CSBR), 279
Cockell, J. G., 347
Coelho, P., 782
Coleman, I., 239
Collazo, M., 536
Collins,P. H., 398–99
Colombia
humanitarianism, 63t
international conflict feminism, 621
sexual, reproductive health/rights, 284–85
Comadres,
537
Combahee River Collective, 118
Comité Eureka,
537
Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)
Draft Agreed Conclusions, 879
fundamentalisms, 659
monitoring, review roles, 224
violence against women, 877–81
women in development advocacy, 610
Communities Against Rape and Abuse (CARA), 409–10
Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), 770
Conflict. see militarism
Connell, R. W., 636
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. see CEDAW
Cornwall, A., 782
Correa, S., 170
Cottingham, J., 144
Council for the Economic Empowerment of Women in Africa (CEEWA), 451
Craviotto, N., 776
Crespo-Kebler, E., 110
Cross-border reproductive care (CBRC), 311
Cruzalta, J., 543
Customary rights. see patriarchy
Dalton, R., 890
Daltro, L. de Figueiredo, 536
Daly, M., 427
Dankelman, I., 825
DAWN
Alternatives,
173
Challenging the Given,
168
DAWN Development Debates (DDD), 179
debt crisis, 166
gender-responsive budgeting, 495–96
governance crisis, 166
management structure, 174–75
Markers on the Way: The DAWN Debates on Alternative Development,
169
movement response effectiveness, 179–80
neoliberalism, 61
Population and Reproductive Health: Feminist Perspectives from the South,
170
program, structure evolution, 167–72, 175–76, 184n26, 184n29, 184n32, 184nn37–38, 185n44, 185nn40–41
research themes, 171
sexual, reproductive health/rights (SRHR), 279–80
“Strengthening Policy Analysis and Advocacy on Gender, Economic and Ecological Justice,” 172
website, 60t
Deacon, R., 432
Declaration of Mexico, 738–39
Declaration of Rio, 325–26
Declaration of the Rights of Man, 353
Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, 353
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, 715
De Galan, M., 904
Democratization processes, Latin America
indigenous communities, 540–41
neoliberalism, 539
politics, subjectivity in, 545
poverty, 540–41
religion, 543
social exclusion, 540–42
Derrida, J., 560
De Schutter, O., 461
De Sousa, B., 829
De Souza, K., 88
Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN). see DAWN
Devi, G., 843
Dietrich, G., 559
Digital revolution. see information and communications technologies (ICTs)
Domestic violence. see violence against women
Domestic Violence Act of 1998, 489–90
Donne in Nero, 712
Du Bois, W. E. B., 703
Duffy, M., 428
Dufour, P., 556
Durano, M., 465
Durban Group for Climate Justice, 816
Dynamique Citoyenne, 492
Earle, L., 775
Early childhood education and care services (ECEC), 433–37
Earth Charter, 168
East African Community (EAC), 465
Economic and social justice. see also International Gender and Trade Network (IGTN); trade liberalization
acquisitiveness, 820–21
care, reciprocity, 821–22
Economic Partnership Agreement, 454
gender divisions, 7–8
gender equality, mainstreaming, 449–50
human rights, security, 448–50
macroeconomics, critiques of, 448–50
non-tariff barriers (NTBs), 455–56
political participation, representation, 216–18
structural adjustment polices, 485–86
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), 465
Ecuador
climate justice, 825
(p. 931)
Egypt
body ownership, 252
political participation, representation, 238–39
Street Food Project, 141
Ehrenreich, B., 641
Eitel, M., 904
El-Bushra, J., 715
Elmhirst, R., 802
Emel, J., 801
Engagement
care, caregiving (see care, caregiving)
commodification, 86
cross-border praxis, 96–100
discourse appropriation, 94–95
dispossession, 90
economics (see economic and social justice)
feminism, strategies, 91–92
Free Cece movement, 101–2
gender-responsive budgeting (see gender-responsive budgeting)
global policy change arenas, 12–14
grassroots, 21–22
historical differences, 87–88
imperialism, 91
importance of, 10
intersectionality, 102
land rights, 21–22
language usurpation, 94–95
militarization, 90–92
neoliberalism, 85–95
with patriarchy (see patriarchy)
place-based praxis, 96–97
political economy, 88–89
primitive accumulation, 90
prison abolition movement, 101
sex trafficking (see sex trafficking)
situational positionality, 96
state building (see state building)
state funding, 32–33
stigmatization, 40
structural adjustment policies, 88–89
survey questions, 84
violence against women (see violence against women)
whiteness ascendancy, 94
Engendering Adjustment for the 1990s,
451
England, L., 639
Entre Tránsitos, 332
Envisioning Real Utopias (Wright), 201
Eritrea, 386
Escuela Equinoccio (Equinox School), 330–31
Esping-Andersen, G., 431
Europe, European Union
antiwar activism (transatlantic), 705–7
austerity/fiscal stringency impacts, 20–21
gender segregation in education, 376–77
glocal movements, 20–21
Occupy movements, 777
peace movements historically, 704–5
sandwich strategy, 223
second wave feminism, 708–10
shelter services in, 399
state feminism, 237
STEM gender gap, 865
voter turnout, 777
wage disparities, 375
European Employment Strategy, 431
Evans, D., 779
Family Research Council, 274
Faria, C., 802
Fatah, S., 570
Fawcett, M., 705
Feminism and Institutionalism International Network (FIIN), 191
Feminist Majority Foundation (FMF), 644–45
Feminist political ecology (FPE)
agenda, goals, 807–8
analysis fields, topics, 805–7
anti-pollution activism, 795
birth as discipline, 794–96
body-mind divide, 804
Canada, 88–89
decolonial, 803–4
engagement, 88–89
environmental issues, 791
fundamentalisms, 806–7
history, 793–94
indigenous identities, 807
intersectionality, 801–3
leadership, 798–800
practical identity, 801–2
Rubber Tappers’ movement, 798–800
scholarly works, 795–96
theoretical,methodological approaches, 805
trajectories, 793–94
Feminist theory and praxis
body politics (see body politics)
collaboration, 10
collective thinking, 10
engagement (see engagement)
intersectionality, 10
tensions, 22–29
transnationalization, 10
A Feminist Vision of a People’s Union of South Asia,
567–68
FEMNET, 496
Fernandes, L., 122
Fernandes, M. D. A., 754
Ferrell, J., 253–54
Financing for Development (FfD), 494–98
Finland
objectification of women by the media, 378
First International Feminist Conference (1974), 144
Flores, L., 219
Foreign Assistance Act, 138
Foxconn, 592
FPE. see feminist political ecology (FPE)
Franzoni, J. M., 440
Freedom Without Fear Platform, 105
Free market capitalism. see neoliberalism
Freire, P., 545
French Revolution, 353
Friedan, E., 709
Fukuyama, F., 641
Fundamentalisms
Al-Azhar,
658
Buddhism, 653
Christianity, 653
citizenship, 655
communitarianism, 665
dichotomization, 664
feminist political ecology, 806–7
gender debates, 652–54
intersectionalities, 655
Pakistan, 561–62
patriarchy, 652–54
political participation, representation, 239–40
privilege, 656–57
Ulama of Iran, 658
veiled women’s engagement, 656
Gandhi, I., 681
Gandhi, L., 560
Gender Action Plan (GAP), 901
Gender and Economic Reform Programme (GERA), 465
Gender and Trade Network in Africa (GENTA), 465
Gender at Work, 191
Gender Equality Architecture campaign, 205–6
“Gender Equality as Smart Economics,” 901
Gender identity. see identity
Gender mainstreaming
Caribbean, 714
cartography, 126
economic and social justice, 449–50
women in development, 150
GENDERNET, 497
Gender-responsive budgeting
Accra Agenda for Action (AAA), 496–97
civil society organizations, 492
Domestic Violence Act of 1998, 489–90
expenditure categorization, 491
Financing for Development (FfD), 494–98
Fourth High Level Forum (HLF4), 497
gender-aware beneficiary assessment (GABA), 492
government ministries, 492
“Growing Girls and Women” (GWIN) Programme, 492
Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) policy, 490
inside government models, 488
OECD Aid Effectiveness Agenda, 494–95
OECD gender equality policy marker, 494
postconflict states, 754
structural adjustment polices, 485–86
Women’s Budget Initiative (WBI), 489–90
Gettleman, J., 202–3
Giles, M. V., 219–20
Gillan, K., 717
Gillis, S., 719
the Girl Effect,
904–6
Girl Hub, 905
“Girls Count: A Global Investment and Action Agenda,” 906
Girls in development
Beijing Platform for Action, 896
citizenship, concepts in, 613–15
evolving capacity concept, 903
feminist concepts, 896–97
gender discrimination, 902–6
girl effect, 904–6
global advocacy, 909–10
global youth bulge, 898
movement, 898–99
poverty, 902–6
social media activism, 906
urbanization, 898
work, wage statistics, 902
A Girl’s Right to Say No to Marriage,
903
Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women (GAATW), 300–301
Global Call to Action against Poverty (GCAP), 819
Goonasekera, H., 238
Gorbachev, M., 670
Gordon, B. S., 188
Gordon, J., 105
Gouges, O. de, 353
Goyal, R., 74
Grandmothers for Peace International, 60t
the Greatest Silence,
202–3
Greenham Common, 710–11
Grosser, K., 905
“Growing Girls and Women” (GWIN) Programme, 492
“Growing up Global: The Changing Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries,” 900
Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR), 490
Guha, R., 798
Gumbonzvanda, N., 197
Guo, J., 598
Gutiérrez, R., 804
Hague Congress, 706
Halley, J., 611
Haq, M. ul, 355
Haq, Zia-ul-, 676
Hardt, M., 718
Hawkins, R., 806
Hayden, Casey, 709
HERA (Health, Equality, Rights, Accountability), 277
Heywood, E., 257
Hill, C., 256
Hirway, I., 424
Hobhouse, E., 705
Hosken, F., 144
Hossain, S., 407
Huainato, M., 208
Hubbard, P., 307
Hudson, V. M., 774
Hug, J. E., 460
Hughes, M., 239
Human Development Report 2003,
351
Human rights, security
activism historically, 347–48
economic policy, 448–50
globalization, 360–62
history, 352–53
paradigm shifts, 354–56
sex as a weapon of war, 351
violence, relationships to, 347
Human Rights Caucus, 301
Human Rights Charter, 352
Human trafficking. see sex trafficking
Huntington, S., 643
Hybrid Geographies (Whatmore), 801
Ibrahim, S., 252
Identity
indigenous, 807
Identity politics, 288–89
Identity Politics and Women (Moghadam), 151
IDS Women Study Group (IDSWSG), 510
India
CEDAW, activism on, 387
crèche-nutrition units (anganwadis), 437–38
female genocide, 884–85
gestational surrogacy in, 311–12
glocal movements, 20
Hindu Succession Act, 387
Indian Divorce Act, 387
Kerala, 885
Kunan Poshpora, 683
land ownership, 844–45
militarism, 566
peace movements, 712
power configurations 2006, 562
public distribution system (PDS) programs, 846
resources access, 844–45
social media activism, 887–89
social reproduction, 425
SRHR movement, 286
states, population, 680f
STEM gender gap, 865
sustainable livelihoods (see sustainable livelihoods)
tensions within movements, 24
Uttarakhand, 842–44
wage disparities, 373
WLP activism, 71t
WSF participation, 67
Indigenous identities, 807
Indonesia. see also Timor-Leste
government policies and privilege, 151
STEM gender gap, 865
WLP activism, 71t
women food vendors, 141
Information and communications technologies (ICTs)
activism, 56
activism in general, 855–59
cyborg phenomenon, 859
digital public spheres, 863–65
digital solidarity, 867
empowerment, entrapment, 859
geospatial engagement, 861
liberation, 864–65
limitations, 889–91
politics, political agency, 860–62
potentials, 889–91
sensor technologies, 866
slacktivism, 891
social media (see social media activism)
sociospatial engagement, 861
Instituto Costarricensede Masculinidad, Pareja y Sexualidad (Costa Rican Masculinity, Couples, and Sexuality Institute, WEM), 330
Instituto Papai, 330
Interamerican Convention of Belem do Para, 543
International Abolitionist Federation (IAF), 303
International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE), 447
International Bureau for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic, 303
International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD, Cairo Consensus)
democratization processes, 538
movement building, 59
political fundamentalism, 658
regional reviews, 284–88
rights recognition, claims to, 581
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), 44n4, 390n6
International Council of Women (ICW), 705
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), 44n4, 390n4, 390n6, 499–500, 503n13
International Development Research Centre (IDRC), 490
(p. 938)
International Gender and Trade Network (IGTN). see also economic and social justice; trade liberalization
evolution time line, 468–69
gender-responsive budgeting, 495–96
macroeconomic theory, critique of, 448–50
network organizations, 469–70
policy impacts, 462–65
power relations, 449
International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW), 195, 211n14, 727
International Trade Centre, 464
International Women’s Day Conference, 706
International Working Group on Gender, Macroeconomics and International Economics (IWG-GEM), 459
International Youth Activist Network, 911
Internet of Everything (IoE), 866–67
Iraq
Abu Ghraib prison, 639
activism, 62
honor killings, 63
Organization of Women’s Freedom in Iraq (OWFI), 63
parliamentarian diversity, representativeness, 221
Ireland (Irish Republic)
activism, 62
austerity/fiscal stringency impacts, 20–21
financial crisis 2008, 776
peace movements, 712
voter turnout, 777
Isis International Foundation, 144–45
Isis Women’s International Cross Cultural Exchange, 145
Islamic Republic of Iran
feminist movement in general, 54
political participation, representation, 218
Stop Stoning Forever Campaign, 882
Israel
antiwar movements, 712–13
humanitarianism, 63t
Israeli–Palestinian conflict, 194
peace movements, 712
ITForChange, 911
Jackson, L., 202–3
Jamaica
engagement, 98
gender-responsive budgeting, 498
neoliberalism, 85
online spaces activism, 911
UNSCR 1325, 734
(p. 939)
Japan
Constitution, 188
human rights, security, 356–57
political participation, representation, 218
rights, claiming, 388
women’s rights, 188
Jaquette, J., 151
Jenichen, A., 652
Jimomi, K., 681
Joint Monitoring Committee on the Improvement of the Quality of Life and Status of Women (JMCW), 489
Joya, M., 674
Juba Peace Talks, 769
Kaga, M., 877
Kali for Women, 560
Karl, M., 144
Karzai, H., 674
Kazibwe, S., 727
Keck, M., 873
Kelkar, G., 559
Kelleher, D., 198
Kennedy, J. F., 137
Kerstein, S. J., 310
“Key Learnings from Feminists on the Frontline,” 660
Keynes, J. M., 820–21
Khan, N. S., 559
Khanna, A., 261
King, M., 709
Kingston, M. H., 190
Kollontai, A., 706
Kunin, M., 238
Kyoto Protocol, 816
Labarca, A., 536
Lagarde, M., 330
Land Contract Law, 584
Lane, M., 361
Lanza, G., 405
Latin America. see also specific countries
Afrodescendientes,
540–41
androcentric dualism, 36–37
antipoverty policies, 433
conditional cash transfers, 433–34
crises identification, 164
democratization processes (see democratization processes, Latin America)
discourse appropriation, 94–95
economic justice organizations in in general, 451
forced sterilization policies, 542
human rights, security, 356
indigenous identities, 807
Isis International Foundation, 144–45
peace movements, 712–14
preschool education, 434–35
profeminism (see profeminism)
Resistance Societies, 535–36
scholarly collaborations, 327
state feminism, 237
sustainable development movements, 825
Visitacion Padilla, 405
widow’s mandate, 237
WLP activism, 71–72t
“Women in the Labour Force in Latin America,” 162–63
WSF participation, 67
Latin American Union of Women (ULAM), 825
Lawrence, B., 122
League of Women Freethinkers, 536
Lechner, N., 545
Lee, K., 598–99
Lemrini, A., 387
Lewis, J., 427
Limoncelli, S. A., 302–4
Liu B., 585
Locke, J., 256
Lovenduski, J., 231
Luisi, P., 536
Luxemburg, R., 706
Lynch, J., 644
Maastricht Treaty, 447
MacArthur, D., 188
Machel, G., 730
Mahmoud, S., 653
“Making Women Work for Development—Again,” 901
Mama, A., 409
Mani, L., 357
Manjoo, R., 682
Manorama, T. D., 681–82
Maoist movements, 838
Mao Z., 588
Markers on the Way: The DAWN Debates on Alternative Development,
169
Marriage Law, 584
Martin, C., 875
Martinez, N., 536
Masood, A. J., 678
Matthews, R., 307
Mazumdar, V., 848
Mazurana, D., 740
McAdam, S., 105
McAskie, C., 728
McFarland, A., 890
McLean, S., 105
Mead, M., 138
Media, objectification of women by, 377–78
Medica Women’s Therapy Centre, 712
Mehta, H., 161
Men Engage, 326
Menon, P., 197
Menon-Sen, K., 838
Mercosur Feminist Articulation, 67
Mexican Federal Daycare Program for Working Mothers, 436
Mexico
Agrarian Code, 536
conditional cash transfers, 433–34
discourse appropriation, 94–95
First Feminist Congress, 536
land ownership rights, 536
peace movements, 718
preschool education, 434–35
profeminism in, 327–29
Zapatista uprising, 539
Micheletti, M., 890
Middle East. see also specific countries
sexual, reproductive health/rights, 274–75
state feminism, 237
Middleton, E., 804
Migrant workers’ abuses, 384
Militarism. see also wars on terror
empiricist feminism, 634
gender difference, institutionalization of, 636
gendered effects, assumptions, 632–33
intersectionality, 641–42
military values, 633
national interest construction, 637–38
post structuralist feminism, 634–35
standpoint feminism, 634
state’s roles, 635–38
Wars on Terror, 643–45
Millennial Development process, 897
Miller, A., 406
Millet, K., 298
Mitchell, J., 471
Mlambo-Ngucka, P., 491
Mohapatra, S., 310
Morocco
CEDAW, activism on, 387
DAWN activism, 164
Family Code, 387
fundamentalisms, 61
humanitarianism, 63t
Personal Status Code, 387
Mott, L., 704
Moustafa, Y., 656
Movement for the Emancipation of Chilean Woman, 536
Movimiento Machista (Masculinist Movement), 335
Moyano, M. E., 537
Mujeres por la Paz, 714
Mumsnet, 862
Muslim Arbitration Tribunal (MAT), 657
NAACP, 703
Namibia Plan of Action on Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective in Multidimensional Peace Support Operations, 727
Naripokkho, 620
National Committee of Women, 536
National Feminist Party, 536
National Liberation Front (NLF), 710
National Organization for Women (NOW), 709
National Women’s Studies Association (NWSA), 152
National Working Committee on Women and Children, 583–84
Native Women’s Association, 403
Negri, A., 718
Neoliberalism
basis, goals, 777
engagement with, 85–95
feminist critiques, 448–50
human rights, security, 360–62
Latin America, 539
sex trafficking, 306
Sri Lanka, 558
structural adjustment policies, 448
Nepal
citizenship, 558
Constituent Assembly, 771–72
militarism, 555
political participation, representation, 771–72
NETRIGHT, 496
Network of Sex Work Projects (NSWP), 301
Newman, E., 347
New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), 465
Nicaragua
care, caregiving, 437–39
neoliberalism, 85
political participation, representation, 238
power relationships, 147–48
profeminism, 329–30
transnational feminist networks, 62–63
WLP activism, 72t
Nigeria
discrimination universality, 381–83
gender-responsive budgeting, 492
women food vendors, 141
Nobel Women’s Initiative, 60t
Nobre, M., 67
No Man’s Land initiative, 570–71
North-South divide
overview, 23–25
North South Institute (Canada), 463
Nosseir, A., 662
Nwosu-Juba, N., 73
Objectification of women by the media, 377–78
O’Brien, J., 197
O’Brien, R., 613
Ogata, S., 357
Operation Enduring Freedom, 35
Orford, A., 731
Organization of Islamic Conference States, 275
Osborne, H. E., 402
Oslo Donors’ Conference, 770
“Our Common Future,” 822
“Our Rights, Our Lives,” 280–81
Overseas Development Institute (ODI), 463
Pakistan
al-Qaeda, 676–78
citizenship, 561–62
civilian government, 676
disappearances, 678
fundamentalisms, 561–62
glocal movements, 20
militarism, 566
mujahideen,
676
power configurations 2006, 562
Punjab, 678
Quetta shura,
678
sexual harassment, 205
Taliban, 676–78
violence against women, 678–79
WLP activism, 72t
Pakistan-India People’s Forum for Peace and Democracy (PIPFPD), 566
Pan-American Women’s Federation, 535
Papadaki, E., 298
Papp, A., 408
Parvez, A., 407–8
Parvez, M., 407–8
Patriarchy
citizenship, 610
collective emancipation, 40
contradictions/collusions/co-optations, 31–36
culture vs. rights debate, 34
female genocide, 884–85
fundamentalisms, 652–54
gender binaries, working beyond, 36–37
men, working with, 36
religions, 30
state funding, 32–33
United Kingdom, 657–58
Paxton, P., 239
Peace movements
activism (transnational organizations), 711–13
antiwar activism (IGOs, INGOs), 714–17
antiwar activism (transatlantic), 705–7
antiwar activism (United States), 707–9
CEDAW, 715
China, 712
citizenship, 704
class exploitation, 704
gender concerns, inclusion of, 620–22
goals in general, 6
history, Europe, 704–5
Latin America, 712–14
separatism, 709–11
sovereignty, 718
themes, 703
training, 32
transnational feminist networks (TFNs), 717–18
Vietnam, 710
women’s suffrage, 703–5
World War I, 705–6
People’s Earth Declaration, 824
Percy, C., 138
Peru
fundamentalisms, 660
humanitarianism, 63t
motherist, difference identities, 151
political participation, representation, 219
profeminism, 326–27
sexual, reproductive health/rights, 284
WLP activism, 69
Philipose, E., 406
Philippines
fundamentalisms, 657
Gabriela Women’s Party, 223
Magna Carta of Women, 387
migrant workers, abuses of, 384
political participation, representation, 223
SRHR movement, 286
women food vendors, 141
Pinochet, A., 20
Polanyi, K., 821
Political participation, representation
alliance building, 240
appointments, 235–36
approaches to, 220–21
challenges, 225–30
cross-border networking, 240
degendering, 220
democratic structures, processes, 216
double bias, 230
economic, human development, 216–18
education, knowledge, 228–29
egalitarian ideologies, 236–37
electoral systems, 231
family relations (kinship), 237–38
feminist movement roles, 223–24
fundamentalisms, 239–40
increases in, 216
institutional limitations, 230–32
international conventions, agreements, 224–25
justifications, 217
leadership style, 218–20
local government, 236
mechanisms, 222
money networks, access to, 226–27
parliamentary systems, 231–32
personal safety, 229–30
political parties, 232
quotas, 233–34
reserved seats, 234–35
socialization, 228
state building, rebuilding, 772–75
state feminism, 237
statistics, 221–22
substantive representation, 220–21
symbolic representation, 220
temporary special measures, 233
transactional leadership style, 219
transformational leadership style, 219
widow’s mandate, 237
women in development (WID) approach, 153–54
women’s interests, defining, 217
the Politics of Piety (Mahmoud), 653
Postcolonial theory
capitalist vs. communist models of integration, 7
center-periphery models, 6
feminist political ecology, 803–4
First World–Third World model, 6
marginalization factors, 7–8
overview, 6
Second World model, 6
Postconflict states. see also Autonomous Region of Bougainville (ARB); Solomon Islands; Timor-Leste
donor assistance, 747
gender-responsive budgets, 754
overview, 700
women as peacemakers, 755–57
Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), 614
Pramanik, P., 253
“Principles for Good International Engagement in Fragile States and Situations,” 779
Prinsloo, J., 360
Profeminism
challenges, 331
colloquias, 326
Declaration of Rio, 325–26
experiences of, 329–32
gendered social expectations, 323–24
gender roles historically, 323–24
HIV/AIDS, 331–32
homophobia, 331–32
influences, debates on, 327–29
machismo,
328–29
masculinity studies, 327–29
NGOs, social organizations, 325–26
organization scale, structure, 331
quasi-identities, 325
socioeconomic class, 335
stigma, 331–32
subregions studies, 327
transgender men, 332
violence, 328
women’s pleasure, 323–24
workshops, 329–30
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, 299
Quateart, J., 702
Race, Space and the Law: Unmapping a White Settler Society (Razack), 402
Raging Grannies, 718
Rahman, A., 522
Rahnavard, Z., 218
Rao, A., 198
Razack, S., 402
Realizing Sexual and Reproductive Justice (RESURJ), 279
Reardon, E., 636
Red Internacional de Estudios sobre Varonesy Masculinidades (International Network for the Study of Men and Masculinities), 326
Reilly, N., 123
Rein, M., 738
Religious fundamentalisms. see fundamentalisms
“Religious Fundamentalisms on the Rise: A Case for Action,” 660
Republican Feminist Party, 536
Richmond, O. P., 347
Right to Life Federation, 274
Rius, M. B., 825
Rivera-Lassén, A. I., 110
Robinson, J., 823
Roldan, M., 142
Roth, B., 702
Rothstein, V., 710
Roy, A., 897
Rukh, L., 557
Ruskin, J., 705
Sakhi for Girls’ Education, 911
Samuel, K., 558
Sandberg, J., 807
Sandberg, S., 219
Sandel, M. J., 310
Sanger, M., 257
Santos, B. de Sousa, 548
SAPs. see structural adjustment policies (SAPs)
Savane, M. A., 173
Schattan, V., 782
Schechter, S., 399
Schengen Agreement, 302
Schön, D., 738
Scott Cato, M., 821
Scoular, J., 307
Security. see human rights, security
Seebrook, J., 819
Seffner, F., 332
Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA), 140–41
Sex and Power: Defining History, Shaping Societies (Banerji), 884–85
Sex trafficking
antitrafficking policy, 303
antitrafficking programs, 299
China, 589
cohabitation with natives, 303
cross-border reproductive care (CBRC), 311
engagement with, 26–27
medical tourism complex, 309
myth construction, 304–5
neoliberalism, 306
pornography, 298
reproductive tourism/exile, 310–11
sexualized care work, 312
social assistance, 299
stratified reproduction, 311
white slavery, 303
Sexual, reproductive health/rights (SRHR). see also body ownership
advocacy, 276–79
alliance building, 289–90
Bali Global Youth Forum Declaration, 283–84
family planning programs, 276
generational tensions, 277–80
HIV agenda, 273–76
identity politics, 288–89
leadership transitions, 279–80
maternity care, 276
multilateralism, 280–88
NGO documents list, 293
“Our Rights, Our Lives,” 280–81
overseas development assistance (ODA), 275–76
overview, 250
political history, 258–59
positive rights, 278–79
regional ICPD reviews, 284–88
reinvigoration, 289
training programs, 278–80
UN documents list, 293–94
Sexual assault. see violence against women
Sexual Rights Initiative (SRI), 279
Shaheed, R., 883
Shakil, A., 888
Sharmila, I. C., 682
Sheehy, E., 400
Sholkamy, H., 664–65
Short, C., 35
Sikkink, K., 873
Sipila, H., 189
Sista II Sista, 410
Sista’s Liberated Ground, 410
Sisters in Islam, 661
Sisters in Spirit, 402–3
Sistren, 451
Skidelsky, R., 820
Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI), 909
Socialist Workers Party (SWP), 717
Social justice. see economic and social justice
Social media activism
blogosphere, 875
body ownership, 262
Europe, 21
girls in development, 906
India, 887–89
labor disputes, 592
No Man’s Land initiative, 570–71
training, 145
Social Training Research Center (Cistac), 330
Society for Promoting Participative Ecosystem Management (SOPPECOM), 844
Solomon Islands
armed conflict, 755
Constituency Boundaries Commission, 761
electoral process, 761
international interventions, 758
Political Party Bill, 748
sexual, reproductive rights, 286
Vois Blong Mere,
761
Women for Peace Group, 755–56
Women in Government program, 761
Some Questions on Feminism and Its Relevance in South Asia,
560
South Africa. see also Africa
care, caregiving, 433–39
climate justice, 816
online spaces, girls’ empowerment, 911
participatory budgeting, 782
primitive accumulation, 514
South African Development Community (SADC), 465
STEM gender gap, 865
violence against women, 888
South African Development Community (SADC), 465
South African Early Childhood Development (ECD), 436
Southall Black Sisters (SBS), 657
South Asian Charter of People’s Rights, 568
Southasian feminist movements. see also Asia; specific countries
affective communities, 554
crises identification, 164
glocal movements, 20
No Man’s Land initiative, 570–71
peace activism, 712
politics of friendship, 560
post nationalism, 554
rights, securing, 568
SANGAT courses, 571
sovereignty, 554
statehood in identity, 532
state-society relations, 618–19
subjectivities, transformation of, 571
widow’s mandate, 237
Sow, F., 239
the Space Between Us (Cockburn), 712
Special Provisions on Labor Protection of Female Employees, 599
Sri Lanka
citizenship, 558
globalization, 558
glocal movements, 20
history, 684
institutionalized discrimination, 684
international conflict feminism, 620–22
peace movements, 621–22
political participation, representation, 238
power configurations 2006, 562
Sinhalese, 684
violence against women, 685–86
Stanton, E. C., 703
State building, rebuilding
capacity, 784
community fora, 775
conflict-affected contexts, 769
customary law, 770
economic empowerment, 775
electoral law, 770
engagement with, 17
feminist, gender analysis, 781–84
formal politics engagement, 772–75
gender roles, 775
international legitimacy, 783
overview, 700–701
political participation, representation, 772–75
resilience, 784
responsiveness, 784
transparency, 784
Staudt, K., 224
Stop Stoning Forever Campaign, 882
Stratigaki, M., 431
Stree Mukti Sangharsh Chalwal, 844–47
Street Food Project, 141
Structural adjustment policies (SAPs)
activism, 57–58
engagement with, 88–89
gender-responsive budgeting, 485–86
neoliberalism, 448
Suchland, J., 119
Sudan
fundamentalisms, 659
gender-responsive budgeting, 498
peacekeeping patrols, 204
WLP activism, 63t
Suffragette Alliance, 536
Sustainable livelihoods
care, reciprocity, 821–22
environmental discourse, 838
gender and development (GAD), 840
gendered approaches, 840–41
initiatives, 839
knowledge making, 847–50
Maoist movements, 838
natural resource base, 837
political agendas, activism, 838–39
power relations, 841
radical ecological democracy, 838
Rubber Tappers’ movement, 798–800
social change, 847–50
Stree Mukti Sangharsh Chalwal, 844–47
Tamil Nadu Women’s Collective, 845–47
transformative organizing, 837–39
women environment development (WED), 840
Swarr, A. L., 124
Sweden
child-care provision, 431
objectification of women by the media, 378
reproductive rights, 581
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), 597
Sylvester, C., 635
“Synthesis Report on the Global Thematic Consultation on Addressing Inequalities,” 889
System of National Accounts (SNA), 424
Tadesse, Z., 165
Tadros, M.,