(p. 453)
Index
A
absolute invisibility, 117
accountive positioning, 321
acculturation orientations
action(s)
collaborative
respect in fostering, 392
collective
cultural citizenship and, 77
cultural citizenship–related
recommendations related to, 76–78
in response to social injustice, 28–30
Activist Scholarship: Antiracism, Feminisms, and Social Change, 198
adolescent females’ sexual desire
aesthetic experiences
anesthetic experiences vs., 430
affective psychological processes
in critical-dialogic model of IGD
communication processes fostering, 391
Africana Center
at Cornell University, 132
African American(s). see also under Black
African American immigrants
White immigrants vs., 132
“Age of Enlightenment/Age of Discovery”
justice and power in aftermath of, 261
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 226
alcohol use
sexual objectification impact on, 182
alienation
psychological experience of, 6
alliance with subordinate, 31
in social psychology of social justice, 11–12
Allport, G., 4,
14,
28–30,
99,
183,
209,
282,
304,
354,
362,
368–373,
375,
434
American colonization and decolonization
American Karma: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Indian Diaspora, 286
American Psychiatric Association, 406–407,
414
Board of Directors of, 410
American Psychological Association (APA), 142,
414,
444
Office and Committee on Socioeconomic Status of, 236
Task Force on Appropriate Therapeutic Responses to Sexual Orientation, 413–414
analysis of resistance
in social psychology of social justice, 12–14
anchoring, 274
in temporal organization for societies, 262
anesthetic experiences
aesthetic experiences vs., 430
anger
in motivating collective action, 392
Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India
toxic pollution in, 46–47
Ankleshwar Industrial Association report, 46
“An Obsession Renewed: Islamophobia in the Netherlands, Austria, and Germany,” 294–295
antimilitarism–militarism continuum
Aotearoa/New Zealand
colonization and decolonization of, 269–276
APA Task Force
on Resources for the Inclusion of Social Class in Psychology Curricula, 254
argumentative discourse
racist discourse as, 97–98
Aristotle, 43,
183
on distributive justice, 5,
25
art forms
indigenous
restitution of self through, 167
Asian(s)
Asian Americans and
shared roots, divergent paths of, 144–145
psychology of
setting agenda for more critical, 153–154
social psychology of
as “East Asian” social psychology, 145
toward more critical psychology of, 141–156
cultural differences revisited, 149–151
indigenous psychology as answer to, 151–152
individualism-collectivism construct in, 145–148
reification of group differences, 148–149
shifting contexts, shifting theories related to, 152–153
Asian American(s)
Asians and
shared roots, divergent paths of, 144–145
psychology of
setting agenda for more critical, 153–154
toward more critical psychology of, 141–156
cultural differences revisited, 149–151
indigenous psychology as answer to, 151–152
individualism-collectivism construct in, 145–148
reification of group differences, 148–149
shifting contexts, shifting theories related to, 152–153
Asian American Journal of Psychology, 145
Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 144–146
Association for Psychological Science (APS), 142,
444
attitude(s)
negative
toward outgroup related to perceptions of threat, 305
in social psychology of racism, 97
toward war and military interventions, 332–335
Attitudes Towards Lesbians and Gay Men, 207–208
automatic perceptual processes
racism and prejudice attributed to, 353,
354
Autonomous Women’s Movement, 198
Aztecs
colonization impact on, 264
B
Barrio Logan, San Diego, 77
Battle of Little Big Horn, 267
BBC Prison Study (BPS), 14
behavior(s)
hegemonic vs. counter-hegemonic, 69
belief(s)
in Protestant work ethic, 234
belonging
as key concept in new global order, 27
sense of
in cultural citizenship, 71–72
bicultural identities, 26
bisexuals
“choice” question responses by, 412–413
Black identity, 129–140
historical and psychological research on, 129–140
posttraumatic slave syndrome and oppositional identity, 131–132
research findings on, 135
Black Lives Matter social movement, 3
Black-on-Black crime, 134
Black people
contemporary negative achievement attitudes of
post-slavery experiences and circumstances and, 133
Black poverty, 130
blame the victim analysis of, 130
Black Power movement, 137
Black psychological functioning, 129–140
research findings on, 135
Black Reconstruction, 132,
133
Black schools
operating in factory-style shifts, 134
Black self-esteem, 136
historical and psychological research on, 129–140
Black’s Law Dictionary, 53
Black social movement, 136
Blair, T., Prime Minister, 328
blame the victim analysis, 130
Bleisemann de Guevara, B., 339
boarding schools
indigenous children forcibly sent to, 115–116
borderlands theory, 445
in experiential documentation of social identity theory, 166
intersectionality and, 164
intersectionality through to social identity theory, 165
intersectional understandings of, 160
for social action and coalition building, 165–166
C
California Supreme Court
on sexual orientation, 408,
409
Cameron, D., Prime Minister, 232,
303
capabilities framework
environmental injustice viewed through, 51–52
capability(ies)
distributive justice as, 51–52
capitalism
as economic structure in understanding citizenship, 64
inherent injustices of, 6
voracious
researching consequences of, 436–437
cardiovascular stress responses
ethnic prejudice and, 178
change(s)
education for
in critical-dialogic model of IGD, 386–389
inclusionary
rights and challenges of, 52
“change forever welfare, as we know it,” 131
children
beliefs about poverty and wealth, 234–235
circuits of dispossession
citizen-as-consumer, 64–65
citizenship, 59–82
capitalism in understanding, 64
contemporary models of, 67–69
cultural pluralism and, 68
dominant notions of
cultural citizenship as alternative to, 70–74
from economic landscape, 63–65
(p. 456)
from historical landscape, 62–63
for liberty and equality, 68
from multicultural “melting pot” landscape, 66–67
role of work in performance of, 64
from schooling landscape, 65–66
service-learning conceptualization and, 65–66
social construction of, 59–82
social landscape shaping, 75–76
through volunteerism, 65–66
citizenship models
contemporary, 67–69
focus on cultural pluralism in, 68
citizenship practices
hegemonic vs. counter-hegemonic behaviors, 69
City University of New York (CUNY), 15
Public Science Project of, 15
Civic Education Study, 64
civic republican citizenship, 61–62
claiming of public space
in cultural citizenship, 72
claiming of rights
in cultural citizenship, 72
in process of belonging, 72
claiming of space
in cultural citizenship, 73
class(es)
inequality of
social psychological research on, 236–239
microaggressions based on, 252
privileging
targeted critical research agenda of, 236–237
social psychological analysis of, 223–243
societal divisions related to, 27–28
class exploitation
fight against
historical background of, 246
class inequality
ideology and material conditions intersect to produce and maintain, 225
social psychological research on, 236–239
classism
institutional vs. interpersonal, 251–252
psychological injustice and, 25–26
relational perspective on, 26
social psychological analysis of, 223–243
from political disclosure to social change, 237–239
social psychology on, 25–26
classist stigma and prejudice
against government assistance, 238
Class Matters: Where We Stand, 254
class privilege
psychological “hardening” of, 236
CNN
series on Black and White childrens’ perceptions of skin color, 129–130
coexistence
in coexistence model of intergroup encounters in settings of protracted ethnopolitical conflict, 357
coexistence model
of intergroup encounters in settings of protracted ethnopolitical conflict, 355–357
coexistence and limiting discussion of inequality in, 357
ethical relations and changing prejudice in, 357
shady face of togetherness in, 356
cognitive polyphasia
war- and military interventions–related, 337
cognitive psychological processes
in critical-dialogic model of IGD
communication processes fostering, 391
collaborative action
respect in fostering, 392
collectivistic cultures
interdependent self-construal from, 146
Columbia University School of Public Health
communication processes
affective and cognitive psychological processes resulting from, 391
in critical-dialogic model of IGD, 390–391
communitarian citizenship, 61
community(ies)
environmentally burdened
impact of industrial development on, 48
Community Relation Division
of Montgomery County Police Department, 290
compassion
“value redefinition” of, 239
compulsory heterosexuality, 23
concern(s)
moral
in rehumanizing other, 361
social
questions of meaning as, 85
conflict(s)
protracted ethnopolitical
intergroup contact in settings of, 353–365
conflicting agenda
in joint projects model of intergroup encounters in settings of protracted ethnopolitical conflict, 358
conflict transformation
narrative and confrontation in, 361–362
confrontation
in conflict transformation, 361–362
in confrontational model of intergroup encounters in settings of protracted ethnopolitical conflict, 361
confrontational model
of intergroup encounters in settings of protracted ethnopolitical conflict, 360–361
confronting perspectives of other side in conflict in, 360–361
dangers of confrontation in, 361
consciousness
group
in critical-dialogic model of IGD, 385–386
Constitution, Civil Rights, and Human Rights Hearing on Solitary Confinement
US Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on, 15
“constructing defenses of peace”
implications of
in social representations of war and military interventions, 343–344
contact(s)
between groups
in reducing prejudice, 28
“sedative” effects of, 394
contact hypothesis, 29
origins of
historical analysis of, 29
contact–prejudice problematic
contact theory
in prejudice reduction, 367
contemporary citizenship models, 67–69
contemporary citizenship practices
contemporary negative achievement attitudes
of Blacks
post-slavery experiences and circumstances and, 133
contented “coming out,” 205
contextually based intersectional identities
continuity
in temporal organization for societies, 262
Counseling the Culturally Different, 148
counter-hegemonic behaviors
hegemonic behaviors vs., 69
CRIS (Cross Racial Identity Scale), 137
critical analysis
hermeneutic principles of, 101
critical-dialogue communication, 397–398
critical interpretive paradigm, 8
critical juncture(s), 262
independence for US from Great Britain as, 265
critical junctures theory, 261,
265–267,
438
forms of temporal organization for societies in, 262
critical ontologies
in social psychology of social justice, 7–9
historical knowledge in, 8
interpretive paradigm related to, 8
in social justice research, 8–9
suspicion of social structure in, 9
critical processes
in critical-dialogic model of IGD, 390
critical psychology, 194
of Asians and Asian Americans
in revolting times, 429–440
situating inquiry in precarious junctures between darkness and light, 437
theorizing subjectivities forged in contentious times, 435–437
critical race theory (CRT), 20
cross-cultural differences
cross-cultural psychological research
individualism-collectivism construct in, 145–148
cross-cultural psychologists
cross-cultural psychology, 145
“cross-group friendship,” 371
Cross Racial Identity Scale (CRIS), 137
cultural citizenship
actions for
recommendations related to, 76–78
as alternative to dominant notions of citizenship, 70–74
claiming of public space in, 72
claiming of rights in, 72
historical background of, 70
implications for social psychology of social justice, 74–76
multi-racial and multi-ethnic groups performing, 73
research recommendations related to, 76–78
sense of belonging in, 71–72
as social intervention, 71
theories of power and liberation aligned with, 70–71
cultural continuity
protective feature of striving for
among North American indigenous peoples, 114
striving for
self-governance in measurement of, 120
cultural diversity
orientations of individuals and groups regarding, 306–307
as outcome of economic migration, 303
produced in European nation-states by individual and family immigrants, 301–317
Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 143
cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT), 26
cultural identity confusion, 27
culturally diverse societies
cultural tendency(ies)
problematizing of poverty as, 224
culture(s)
collectivistic
interdependent self-construal from, 146
complications associated with, 114
conceptions of
diversity within psychology, 153–154
equality in
vs. recognition in merit, 311
individualistic
independent self-construal from, 146
societal divisions related to, 27–28
culture x person x situation (CuPS), 150
cumulative privilege
researching consequences of, 436–437
CuPS (culture x person x situation), 150
D
(p. 459)
daily diary methods
of discriminatory events, 177
Dame Whina Cooper’s Land March, 274
“darker” side of human nature and group life
decolonization, 261–280
power in and resistance to colonization and, 267–269
Decolonizing Knowledge, 437
Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), 408,
411,
416
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA) executive order, 64
deliberative processes, 52
“Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics,” 158
deontological theory of justice, 5
development
industrial
impact on environmentally burdened communities, 48
diagnosable mental condition
legitimate social identity vs., 11
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
dialogic processes
in critical-dialogic model of IGD, 390
dialogue(s)
transdisciplinary
diversify conceptions of culture within psychology through, 153–154
Dialogue Across Difference: Theory, Research, and Practice in Intergroup Dialogue, 389–390,
393
diasporic communities, 294
differential consciousness, 165
Discourse Action Model, 323
discriminating marginality, 290–291
discrimination
gender and well-being effects of
social psychological research on, 177–179
physical and mental health effects of, 178
sexual orientation–based, 406
discriminatory events
daily diary methods of, 177
disengagement
moral
war- and military interventions–related, 334
distribution(s)
of goods
distributive justice research on, 43
distributive justice, 6,
43
Aristotle’s theory of, 5,
25
distributive norms in, 43–44
norms associated with, 43
research on
distributions of goods–related, 43
distributive norms
in distributive justice, 43–44
diverse population groups
diversity in highly respected psychology journals related to, 143
diversity
sexual
new vocabulary in understanding, 11–12
Dixon, J., 29,
99,
103,
214,
217,
367,
370,
374,
396,
430,
433,
434
domination
historical understanding of
ideas about social justice formed by, 6
double consciousness, 18,
164
E
“East Asian” social psychology
social psychology of Asians as, 145
economic justice
breaking grip of “makers” vs. “takers” in, 236–239
economic migration
cultural diversity as outcome of, 303
economic structures
in shaping citizenship, 63–65
economic systems
increase in inequality structured into, 42
education
for change
in critical-dialogic model of IGD, 386–389
colonization of North American indigenous peoples in, 118–119
1882 Chinese Inclusion Act,
285Elimination of Violence Against Women (EVAW) law, 325–326
emotion(s)
in fostering understanding of inequalities, 392
military interventions and, 334–335
moral
military interventions and, 334–335
environmental citizenship, 67–68
environmental injustice
through capabilities framework, 51–52
environmental justice initiatives
environmental justice movement
in Warren County, North Carolina, 46
environmentally burdened communities
impact of industrial development on, 48
epistemology, 443–444
hermeneutic/interpretivist orientation to, 444
equality in culture
recognition in merit vs., 311
Equal Protection Clause, 415
ethic(s)
of cultural pluralism, 30
ethical relations
in coexistence model of intergroup encounters in settings of protracted ethnopolitical conflict, 357
ethnic groups
in claiming cultural citizenship, 73
ethnic prejudice
exposure to
psychological and cardiovascular stress responses related to, 178
ethnopolitical approach, 167
eudaimonic well-being, 183
European Congress of the German Social-Democratic Party, 105
European societies
multiculturalism in
moral dilemmas related to, 102
European Values Scale, 151
evidence
empirical
introducing in legal record, 439
exclusionary contexts
fostering inclusion in, 41–56
exclusionary/inclusionary justice, 6,
44–45
experience(s)
anesthetic vs. aesthetic, 430
experimental psychology, 8
explicit sexual harassment, 180
F
Factories Act of 1987, 46
factory-style shifts
Black schools operating in, 134
faith
in scientific authority, 9
“families of choice,” 213
female(s)
adolescent
sexual desire study of, 22
Feminism & Psychology, 197
feminist liberation psychology, 196–197
in transnational feminism paradigm
feminist psychologists
on gender and well-being in social justice, 175–191
Fine, M., 21,
22,
30,
48,
86,
282,
284,
295,
296,
429,
432,
444,
450
“First World Feminists,” 159
Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution, 406,
407
French people
colonization impact on, 266
Friends of Shelter Associates, 450
fungibility, 269
of identity space into technology of state, 274
future-forming social psychology
with social justice orientation, 297
G
Gay Identity Questionnaire, 212
gay men
“choice” question responses by, 413
gender
discrimination related to
social psychological research on, 177–179
ideologies associated with
in conspiring to subordinate certain groups, 23
impact on life satisfaction, 183
scientific study of
contributing to subordination of women, 21
social justice perspective on, 175–191
well-being related to
social justice perspective on, 175–191
workplace incivility and harassment related to, 179–181
generalized militaristic attitudes, 332–333
Global Feminisms Project (GFP), 197–198
globalization, 26–28
migration and belonging in, 27
psychological consequences of, 27
psychological perspectives on, 26–27
social justice implications of, 27
goal(s)
of critical-dialogic model of IGD, 382–385
“Golden Corridor”
in Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India
toxic pollution in, 46–47
good(s)
distribution of
distributive justice research on, 43
“good thinking”
in Native American contexts, 119
government(s)
in forcibly uprooting children from families and tribal communities, 115–116
government assistance
classist stigma and prejudice against, 238
Great Britain
independence for US from
as critical juncture, 265
Grey, G., British Gov., 273
gross domestic product per capita
capabilities approach with, 52
group(s)
contact between
in reducing prejudice, 28
(p. 462)
immigrant
acculturation orientations of, 305–306
separation of
as cause of prejudice, 28
group-based inequalities
develop intergroup understanding of, 383
group consciousness
in critical-dialogic model of IGD, 385–386
group differences
clinical psychology related to
group identity(ies)
in critical-dialogic model of IGD, 385–386
develop intergroup understanding of, 383
group learning processes
in critical-dialogic model of IGD, 386–389
group membership(s), 301,
302
social identities tied to, 162
“group-ness”
prevailing sense of
in indigenous peoples, 113
group power
majority and minority
in joint projects model of intergroup encounters in settings of protracted ethnopolitical conflict, 358–360
guns, germs, and steel, 270
H
“half-blindness of privilege,” 225
Hammack, P.L., 3,
87,
215–216,
296,
357,
431,
441,
444,
450
happiness
social psychological research on, 182–184
harassment
workplace
gender- and well-being-related, 179–181
social identities–related, 181
social psychological research on, 179–181
“health riskscape”
of South Los Angeles, 49–50
hegemonic behaviors
counter-hegemonic behaviors vs., 69
Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research, 331
hermeneutic/interpretivist orientation
hermeneutic principles
of critical analysis, 101
heterosexism
cultural context of
structural disadvantage related to, 23
heterosexist harassment, 181
historical knowledge
in critical ontologies in social psychology of social justice, 8
homosexual(s)
as social categories, 11–12
homosexuality
as form of pscyhopathology, 406
housing
after Hurricane Katrina, 232
human rights
as framework for justice research, 438–439
social justice issues for women through lens of, 22
social structures in defining access to, 176
(p. 463)
Hurricane Katrina
survivors seeking housing support after, 232
hybrid consciousness, 165,
166
I
identification with leaders, 9,
26–27
identity(ies)
group
in critical-dialogic model of IGD, 385–386
develop intergroup understanding of, 383
mistaken
citizenship in post 9/11 era, 288–289
oppositional
and posttraumatic slave syndrome, 131–132
sexual minority
“normalization” of, 24–25
identity space
fungibility of
into technology of state, 274
ideology(ies)
gender- and sexuality-related
in conspiring to subordinate certain groups, 23
idiographic aims
of narrative research, 87,
88
imagination
radical
challenging dominant discursive binaries binding, 437–438
imagined contact theory, 371
immigrant(s)
outside-inside relationships between different, 285
White vs. African American, 132
immigrant groups
acculturation orientations of, 305–306
immigrant workers
day-to-day living of
US government immigration laws influencing, 285
incivility
workplace
gender- and well-being-related, 179–181
inclusionary change
rights and challenges of, 52
inclusionary/exclusionary injustice
inclusionary/exclusionary justice, 6,
44–45
inclusive citizenship, 68
income
social class–related, 249
independent self-construal(s)
from individualistic cultures, 146
indigenous art forms
restitution of self through, 167
indigenous people
prevailing sense of “group-ness” of, 113
indigenous students
redefining public education for
indigenous youth
forcibly sent to boarding schools, 115–116
individualism
comparison of media representations of, 226
individualism-collectivism construct
in cross-cultural psychological research, 145–148
individualistic cultures
independent self-construal from, 146
industrial development
impact on environmentally burdened communities, 48
inequality(ies)
class-related
ideology and material conditions intersect to produce and maintain, 225
social psychological research on, 236–239
emotions in fostering understanding of, 392
empirical contributions to studying, 167–169
group-based
develop intergroup understanding of, 383
(p. 464)
increase in
structured into economic and political systems, 42
intersectionality in studying
limiting discussion of
in coexistence model of intergroup encounters in settings of protracted ethnopolitical conflict, 357
widening
researching consequences of, 436–437
inequity(ies)
environment perpetuating women’s subordinate status due to, 195
influence processes
in joint projects model of intergroup encounters in settings of protracted ethnopolitical conflict, 358–360
injustice, 445
environmental
through capabilities framework, 51–52
inclusionary/exclusionary, 49
subordination of women as, 21–23
understanding
generating new frameworks for, 438
In re Marriage Cases, 409
“inspection upon immigration,” 62
Institute for Research on Women and Gender
at University of Michigan, 197
Institute of Medicine (IOM)
institutional classism
interpersonal classism vs., 251–252
integration, 306
of social representations of war and military interventions, 342–345
interdependent self-construal(s)
from collectivistic cultures, 146
intergenerational tensions, 27
intergroup collective project(s) (ICP), 385,
434
intergroup contact, 28–30,
353–365
emergence of contact–prejudice problematic and, 368–369
in settings of protracted ethnopolitical conflict, 353–365
models and modes of, 355–362.
see also specific models
planned encounters between Israeli-Jews and Palestinians, 354–355
for social change in social psychology, 367
struggle for social justice and, 367–377
intergroup dialogue (IGD), 29,
434
critical-dialogic model of, 379–403
alliance building for social action, 397–398
cognitive and affective psychological processes as mediators in, 391–393
communication processes fostering affective and cognitive psychological processes in, 391
education for change and group learning processes in, 386–389
fostering individual and collective capacities promoting social justice in, 385
group composition and leadership in, 382
group identity and consciousness in, 385–386
illustrative educational activities in, 382–385
pedagogy and communication processes in, 390–391
personal scholarly roots of, 385–389
critical thinking in, 384
education for social justice and, 379–403
identity salience in, 384
at University of Michigan, 386
intergroup relationships
building of
across differences, power, and conflicts, 382–383
intergroup understandings
International Association of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 145
interpersonal classism
institutional classism vs., 251–252
intersectional identification, 168
intersectional identities, 158,
162
intersectional identity constellations
intersectionality, 20,
149,
195
borderlands theory and, 164
from borderlands theory through to social identity theory, 165
empirical contributions to studying inequality, 167–169
examination of complexities of
quantitative methods in, 169
master statuses as embodied in social identity and, 162–164,
163f
intersectionality theory
connections proposed by, 168
intrapersonal level
narrative function on, 84
“Islamic Fundamentalism,” 284
Islamophobia: A Challenge for Us All, 294
Israel
“confrontational” model developed in, 29
Israeli-Jews
Palestinians and
planned encounters between, 354–355
“I was Born with Two Tongues,” 66–67
J
Jefferson, T., Pres., 266
joint projects model
of intergroup encounters in settings of protracted ethnopolitical conflict, 357–360
conflicting agendas in, 358
majority and minority group power and influence processes in, 358–360
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology (JCCP), 143,
145
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JPSP), 142–143
Journal of Social Issues, 86
justice. see also social justice
in aftermath of “Age of Enlightenment/Age of Discovery,” 261
deontological theory of, 5
economic
breaking grip of “makers” vs. “takers” in, 236–239
fostering of
in unequal contexts, 51–52
fundamental questions related to, 44
notions of fairness and equality central to, 7
Plato’s conception of, 25
psychological models of, 42–45
exclusionary justice, 44–45
inclusionary justice, 44–45
procedural justice, 43–44
in sacrifice zones, 48–49
research on
human rights as framework for, 438–439
social psychological approaches to
justice-oriented citizen, 62,
69–71,
76,
78
education curricula for, 65
K
“kill the Indian, save the man,” 115–116
knowledge production process
L
labor income inequality, 247
Latina/o(s)
cultural citizenship performance by, 73
laypeople’s representations
of war and military interventions, 336–337
legitimate social identity
diagnosable mental condition vs., 11
lesbian(s)
“choice” question responses by, 412–413
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBT) social movement
perceived successes of
challenges related to, 24
lesbian, gay, bisexual, or queer (LGBQ) persons
advancing social justice for, 205–219
liberal social justice, 206
liberation
cultural citizenship and, 70–71
life satisfaction
social psychological research on, 182–184
variability of
mediating factors leading to, 183
M
“makers”
political discourse surrounding, 233–234
social policies impacting, 235
“makers” vs. “takers,” 223–243
social psychological analysis of, 223–243
Manifesto of the Communist Party, 25
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
mass media
invisibility of indigenous representations in, 116–118
master statuses
as embodied in social identities
media
discourse on war and military interventions, 339–340
invisibility of indigenous representations in, 116–118
in process of social representational change of war and military interventions, 343
representations of individualism in, 226
“melting pot”
as colonizing context, 70
membership(s)
in cultural citizenship, 71
mental condition(s)
diagnosable
vs. legitimate social identity, 11
mental health
discrimination effects on, 178
perceptions of sexism impact on, 178
merit(s)
(p. 467)
recognition in
vs. equality in culture, 311
Merkel, A., German Chancellor, 303
mestiza (hybrid) consciousness, 21,
165,
166
Mexicans
social identities of, 166,
167
migrant(s)
myth of being model minority in US, 286–289
migrant identity
in post 9/11 era, 281–299
citizenship and resistance, 291–292
citizenship of mistaken identities, 288–289
misembodiments and misrecognition of, 287–288
myth of being model of minority in U.S., 286–289
toward social justice–oriented social psychology, 295–297
migration
economic
cultural diversity as outcome of, 303
as key concept in new global order, 27
military intervention(s)
laypeople’s representations of, 336–337
moral disengagement related to, 334
social representations of, 331–350
cognitive polyphasia, 337
historical and political context, 337
implications for “constructing defenses of peace,” 343–344
individual and group differences in relation to, 341–342
in twenty-first century
social representations theory in examining, 28
minority(ies)
sexual
psychological research on neglecting documentation and analysis of resistance branch of movement, 24
minority stress theory, 23–24
model minority myth
misembodiments and misrecognition
Montgomery County Police Department
Community Relation Division of, 290
moral concern
in rehumanizing other, 361
moral dilemma(s)
“American dilemma” as, 102
multiculturalism in European societies–related, 102
moral disengagement
war- and military interventions–related, 334
moral emotions
military interventions and, 334–335
Movimiento Autónomo de Mujeres, 198
Moynihan, D.P., Sen., 131
multicultural Europe, 27,
301–317
integration of minorities and, 312–314
new conflicts in
era of globalized migration and social injustice and, 308–309
social justice in, 301–317
social identity theory and, 301,
302
social psychological perspective on, 301–317
social representations theory and, 301,
302
social order in
social and cultural representations of, 309–312,
310t
social representations and identity in, 307–308
multiple subjectivities, 165
Muslim Brotherhood
colonization impact on, 266
N
narrative(s)
in conflict transformation, 361–362
of “darker” side of human nature and group life, 13
integrative function on intrapersonal and social levels, 84
in rehumanizing other, 361
narrative analysis
in psychological research, 84–85
Narrative and the Politics of Identity, 296
narrative approaches
principles of
in employment of analytical techniques, 85
in same-sex marriage issues, 89
in social psychology study of social justice, 83–93
analyzing narrative data in psychological research, 84–85
historical background of, 84–86
in research on social justice, 85–86
narrative data
quantitative or numeric data vs., 88
narrative evidence, 18,
83–93.
see also narrative approaches
development of concept of, 84
idiographic and nomothetic aims of, 87,
88
knowledge production to, 90–91
quantifying qualitative data in building, 88
from social psychological research on same-sex relationships
knowledge gained from, 90
narrative method in, 89–90
need for narrative approach to, 89
narrative identity development, 14
narrative model
of intergroup encounters in settings of protracted ethnopolitical conflict, 361–362
narratives, moral concern, and rehumanizing other in, 361
narrative psychology
fundamental principle of, 83
historical background of, 84
narrative research
idiographic and nomothetic aims of, 87,
88
on psychological concerns within social justice frameworks, 83–93
National Assessment of Educational Progress
Native American and Alaska Native fourth graders scores on, 118–119
National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS), 411
National Indian Education Association, 118
National Institutes of Health, 411
National Solidarity Programme (NSP), 326
nation-states
new conflicts in
era of globalized migration and social injustice, 308–309
negative achievement attitudes
negative attitudes
toward outgroup related to perceptions of threat, 305
negative evaluation meta-theory, 99
negative stereotyping, 305
neoliberal transformations
oppositional consciousness developing among individuals in subordinated positions and, 196
New Zealand
history, power, and critical junctures in, 269–276
critical junctures theory and power basis theory, 269–276
present-day consequences of, 275–276
9/11
Muslims’ feeling after, 281 1965 Immigration Act,
2851964 Voting Rights Bill,
130non-sexualized gender harassment, 180
non-stigmatized social memberships, 162
norm(s)
distributive justice–related, 43
in human behavior and intergroup relations, 9–11
(p. 469)
“normalization”
of same-sex desire and sexual minority identity, 24–25
normative power
of cultural citizenship, 294
normative stance, 30
assumption of
in social psychology of social justice, 9–11
North American indigenous people
decolonizing school for Indigenous students
disruption of traditional culture cycles of, 115–119
ongoing psychological colonization of, 113–128
decolonizations of cultural contexts in fighting, 119–121
forced removal of more than 100,000 children from families to government residential boarding schools, 115–116
theory of culture change related to, 119–121
physical and cultural colonization of, 113
protective feature of striving for cultural continuity among, 114
Northern Schools, Southern Schools and Reconstruction, 132,
133
“nos-otras”
Anzaldúan concept of, 168
O
objectification theory, 21
Office and Committee on Socioeconomic Status
“One Ring to Rule them All,” 275–276
“On One Side, Horror,” 430
Opotow, S., 16,
41,
98,
100,
102,
282,
283,
433,
445
oppositional consciousness
among individuals in subordinated positions
neoliberal transformations and, 196
oppositional identity
posttraumatic slave syndrome and, 131–132
oppression
historical understanding of
ideas about social justice formed by, 6
psychological analysis of
theory of
social justice based on, 293
Oriental Exclusion Act, 285
Orientalist scholarship, 151
outside-inside relationships
between different immigrants, 285
P
Palestinian Muslim Americans
Palestinians
Israeli-Jews and
planned encounters between, 354–355
participatory citizen(s), 62,
66–68
pedagogy
in critical-dialogic model of IGD, 390
perception of multiple realities, 165
performance positioning, 321
personal identity(ies)
stigmatized social identity’s impact on, 163
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 143
personally responsible citizen(s), 62,
65–68
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), 226,
238–239
Pew Research Center survey, 226
physical health
discrimination effects on, 178
“place-taking politics,” 292
political actions
negative
self-objectification and, 182
political systems
increase in inequality structured into, 42
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) spill
in Warren County, North Carolina, 46
polyphasia
cognitive
war- and military interventions–related, 337
poor
“undeserving”
stereotypes and social construction of, 229–231
positioning