Qualitative research has been significantly used for investigating complex and multifaceted issues regarding cultural diversity and the use of world musics in the school and the community. This article explores such qualitative studies that occurred in the United States or Canada and were published from 1980 to 2011. Included are 38 studies, which are presented chronologically and alphabetically within the following six categories: (a) elementary school (Gr. 1-5); (b) middle school (Gr. 6-8); (c) high school (Gr. 9-12); (d) higher education; (e) an unclear or combined educational level (elementary-university); and (f) a community context. These studies focused on the rich and diverse views and experiences of teachers, students, and administrators with regard to cultural diversity and the teaching of world musics; examined exemplary teaching approaches, ensembles, and programs; explored innovative approaches in music teacher education; and brought attention to issues of cultural identity, culturally responsive teaching, and antiracial pedagogy.