- The Oxford Handbook of World Englishes
- List of Contributors
- Introduction: World Englishes and Linguistic Theory
- The Spread of English
- Models of English in the World
- World Englishes and Phonological Theory
- World Englishes and Syntactic and Semantic Theory
- World Englishes and Corpora
- World Englishes and the Study of Typology and Universals
- World Englishes and Cognitive Linguistics
- World Englishes, Second Language Acquisition, and Language Contact
- World Englishes and Creoles
- World Englishes, Code-Switching, and Convergence
- World Englishes and Sociolinguistic Theory
- World Englishes and Dialectology
- World Englishes, Pragmatics, and Discourse
- World Englishes and Language Ideologies
- English, Language Dominance, and Ecolinguistic Diversity Maintenance
- The Atlantic Archipelago of the British Isles
- English in North America
- The Caribbean
- Australian and New Zealand Englishes
- South Asia
- Southeast Asia
- East African English
- English in West Africa
- English in South Africa
- Isolated Varieties
- English as a Lingua Franca in the Expanding Circle
- On the Intonation of Tonal Varieties of English
- Emergence of the Unmarked in Indian Englishes with Different Substrates
- The Systemic Nature of Substratum Transfer
- Convergent Developments between “Old” and “New” Englishes
- Retention and Innovation in Settler Englishes
- Embedded Inversion as an Angloversal: Evidence from Inner, Outer, and Expanding Circle Englishes
- Canonical Tag Questions in Asian Englishes: Forms, Functions, and Frequencies in Hong Kong English, Indian English, and Singapore English
- Are Constructions Dialect-Proof?: The Challenge of English Variational Data for Construction Grammar Research
- Second-Order Language Contact: English as an Academic Lingua Franca
- Language Index
- Name Index
- Subject Index
Abstract and Keywords
This chapter discusses four grammatical systems in Singapore English that are transferred from Chinese: aspect, pragmatic particles, topicalization, and quantification. Proper analysis of the relevant substrate features reveals extensive clustering: features which form a grammatical system transfer together. Substratum transfer targets the grammatical system, and the transferred system is then exponenced with suitable morphosyntactic materials from the lexifier, filtering out those component features for which the lexifier has no well-formed morphosyntactic exponent. The analysis of the four systems shows that post-transfer stabilization is subject to the normative effect of English. It is argued that data obtained through introspection and corpora are complementary, and substrate-induced grammatical change is best accounted for in a usage-based model that uses the two types of data.
Keywords: clustering, morphosyntactic exponence, Singapore English, systemicity, transfer and filter, usage
Bao Zhiming, National University of Singapore
Access to the complete content on Oxford Handbooks Online requires a subscription or purchase. Public users are able to search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter without a subscription.
Please subscribe or login to access full text content.
If you have purchased a print title that contains an access token, please see the token for information about how to register your code.
For questions on access or troubleshooting, please check our FAQs, and if you can''t find the answer there, please contact us.
- The Oxford Handbook of World Englishes
- List of Contributors
- Introduction: World Englishes and Linguistic Theory
- The Spread of English
- Models of English in the World
- World Englishes and Phonological Theory
- World Englishes and Syntactic and Semantic Theory
- World Englishes and Corpora
- World Englishes and the Study of Typology and Universals
- World Englishes and Cognitive Linguistics
- World Englishes, Second Language Acquisition, and Language Contact
- World Englishes and Creoles
- World Englishes, Code-Switching, and Convergence
- World Englishes and Sociolinguistic Theory
- World Englishes and Dialectology
- World Englishes, Pragmatics, and Discourse
- World Englishes and Language Ideologies
- English, Language Dominance, and Ecolinguistic Diversity Maintenance
- The Atlantic Archipelago of the British Isles
- English in North America
- The Caribbean
- Australian and New Zealand Englishes
- South Asia
- Southeast Asia
- East African English
- English in West Africa
- English in South Africa
- Isolated Varieties
- English as a Lingua Franca in the Expanding Circle
- On the Intonation of Tonal Varieties of English
- Emergence of the Unmarked in Indian Englishes with Different Substrates
- The Systemic Nature of Substratum Transfer
- Convergent Developments between “Old” and “New” Englishes
- Retention and Innovation in Settler Englishes
- Embedded Inversion as an Angloversal: Evidence from Inner, Outer, and Expanding Circle Englishes
- Canonical Tag Questions in Asian Englishes: Forms, Functions, and Frequencies in Hong Kong English, Indian English, and Singapore English
- Are Constructions Dialect-Proof?: The Challenge of English Variational Data for Construction Grammar Research
- Second-Order Language Contact: English as an Academic Lingua Franca
- Language Index
- Name Index
- Subject Index
