In the last decades of the twentieth century, the U.S. South became a major new immigrant destination. Largely bypassed by immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Southeast is now home to millions of people from Latin America, Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. A region historically defined by a black/white racial divide has become a multi-ethnic, multiracial society over the course of just two decades. This essay examines key issues and debates in the growing body of scholarship on new immigration to the South, with a focus on Latin American and Asian immigration. Central themes include: the emergence of the Southeast as a magnet for immigrants; economic incorporation and the transformation of southern workplaces; changing racial/ethnic relations; patterns of settlement in the suburban South; racial formation of immigrants in the post-Civil Rights era.