This article has been commissioned as part of the forthcoming Oxford Handbook of Music Revival edited by Caroline Bithell and Juniper Hill. With reference to processes of music revival, this chapter offers a framework for theorizing the shift from “tradition” to “heritage.” The first part examines revivals as decontextualizations, metaphorical transformations, and shifts between different historic, geographic, social, and cultural contexts. The second part analyzes changes in folk music as consequences of shifting control over the field of folk music, from knowers to doers and marketers, resulting in medialization, festivalization, and professionalization. The third part analyzes the global trend toward heritagization, which replaces old notions of folk music as tradition with “heritage,” a new mode of cultural production. In conclusion, it is argued that in as much as “tradition” can be understood as a mindscape mirroring modernity, “heritage” can be seen as another kind of mindscape, a homogenizing counterforce to the diversifying and globalizing forces of post- or late modernity.