(p. 591)
Index
A
ABCX model, of stressors in unemployment, 90–91
ability, as moderator of goal setting, 131
absenteeism, and job insecurity, 39,
113
academic performance, and success of school-to-work transition, 395–396
accents, and outcomes of international job search, 492
Accountancy Magazine, 299
activation, of unemployed individuals, 159–160,
168
adaptability and career transitions, 224
adverse impact, definition of, 518n1
affective events theory, 145,
146
age
and career-growth goals, 366
and coping with career interruptions, 233
and coping with identity threat, 228
and desire for reemployment, 150
diversity of in labor market, 144
and effects of job loss on mental health, 62–64
and experience of job loss, 438–443
and experience of repeated unemployment, 100
and generational impact of unemployment, 102–104
and international job search, 485
and job-search strategies, 152
and perceived job insecurity, 37,
48n2
research agenda for age-related differences, 155
variations in job search, 143
agency-restriction model, 71,
72,
76,
88
agency theory, and research on unemployment, 18–19
aggression, and unemployment, 74
Ajzen, I., 22
broader context of job search, 198
measures of intention and behavior, 191
social-cognitive perspective on job loss and job search, 145
social pressure to search for employment, 186
theory of planned behavior, 182,
321
Allen, R. E., 382
job information sources, 389
alternative activities, and motivation theory, 169–170
analysis and methodology, post-World War II improvements in, 14
anger, as reaction to job interviews, 342
anticipated job loss comprehensive model of, 35f
difficulties in researching, 79n6
effects on health and well-being, 103
apathy, among the unemployed, 11
applicant characteristics, and hiring discrimination, 509–512
appraisals, primary and secondary of events, 146,
150
Aquilanti Integrated Model of outplacement services, 549,
558
Ashforth, B. E., 131,
264
career planning and development, 386
employment-fit perceptions, 392
job information sources, 389
job-search intensity, 389
personality traits and school-to-work transition, 395
school-to-work transition and success spiral, 393
sequential model of job search behavior, 421
Assertive Job-Hunting Survey, 263
assertive job-search behaviors, 263–264
attention deficit theory, and biased decision making, 508–509
attractiveness and job interview process, 332
and type of employment, 334
attributional retraining, 345
attribution theory, and underemployment, 369
Austria Marienthal study, origins of, 10
Marienthal study, summary of, 11
autonomous regulation, 164
autonomy, psychological need for, 160–162
B
Bakke, E. W. research on unemployment and families, 87
studies in Greenwich, 11–12
study in New Haven, Connecticut, 12
Bambra, Clare, 3
“Insecurity, Unemployment, and Health: A Social Epidemiological Perspective,” 111–125
Work, Worklessness, and the Political Economy of Health, 123n1
Banai, M., 34
job insecurity and job-search behaviors, 41
Banas, J. T. job-search intensity and job satisfaction, 391
Bandura, A.
social-cognitive perspective on job loss and job search, 145
theories of self-efficacy, 147,
148
Banks, M. H. expectancy-value theory, 22
unemployment and mental health, 19
Barber, A. E., 260
sequential model of change, 322
theoretical models of job-search behavior, 420
Basbug, G., 283
job-search behavior and underemployment, 363
job-to-job search outcomes, 409
self-regulatory model of job-search behavior, 423
Bauer, T. N., 339
justice in job interviews, 342,
345
underemployment and turnover behavior, 368
Baumeister, Roy F., 215
ego depletion and prejudiced reactions, 508
Beaverstock, Jonathan V., 304
behavior
and intrinsic and extrinsic work goals, 172–173
behavior, motivations for, 162–171,
163f
intrinsic motivation, 162
motivation and job-search intensity, 164–167
quality of motivation as moderating factor, 170–171,
211
behavioral consequences, of job insecurity, 40–41
behavioral coping theory, 194
behavioral intentions vs. behavioral goals, 146–147
belief in a just world (BJW), and response to job loss, 23–24
benefits system, stabilizing quality of, 105
Benson, Wendi, 2
“Job Insecurity and Anticipated Job Loss: A Primer and Exploration of Possible Interventions,” 31–53
Berger, M. C., 452
evaluating reemployment programs, 535
Bibliography of Unemployment and the Unemployed (1909), 10
Blau, G., 33–34
job-search intensity, 389
preparatory vs. active job-search behaviors, 153,
263,
281
Blonk, R. W. B., 192
dissatisfaction as motivator in job search, 196
multiwave longitudinal study of job-search dynamics, 424
Bolino, M. C. underemployment and job performance, 368
Borgen, William A., 6
“Job Loss: Outplacement Programs,” 547–560
outplacement programs, 552
Born, M. P., 191,
192
dissatisfaction as motivator in job search, 196
employment position and job search, 200
multiwave longitudinal study of job-search dynamics, 424
psychological distress after job loss, 362
resume screening, discrimination in, 503
Boswell, Wendy R., 4–5
“Employed Job Seekers and Job-to-Job Search,” 401–416
job search and networking goals, 277
job-to-job search outcomes, 408
self-efficacy and job-search, 390
Bufton, Gina M., 3
“Job Loss and Job Search: A Social-Cognitive and Self-Regulation Perspective,” 143–158
Butterfield, Lee D., 6
“Job Loss: Outplacement Programs,” 547–560
outplacement programs, 552
C
calling, identity and a sense of, 225,
226,
227
Campion, M. A., 335,
339
candidate reactions to job interviews, 343
improving interview skills, 346
structured interviews and discrimination, 514
Caplan, R. D., 22
job loss in marriages, 89–90
large-scale implementation of JOBS Program, 581
reemployment interventions, 150
unemployment and marital strain, 579
Caranikas-Walker, F., 196
career, definition of, 223
career aspirations, impact of unemployment on, 102–103
career development and outcomes of international job search, 492–493
social-cognitive career theory, 147
Career Development Quarterly, 381
career exploration, and school-to-work transition, 383–384
Career Growth Model of outplacement services, 549
career history, and perceived job insecurity, 39
career issues, and underemployment, 369–370
career mobility, theory of, 365
career planning and development and international job search, 489–490
and school-to-work transition, 383–387
careers individual career investments and temporary employment, 471
career success, mental models of, 230–234
career trajectories and economic and labor market circumstances, 223–224
Carnegie Trust, research on unemployed youth, 13
causal attributions, and response to job loss, 22–23
certification, and international job search, 493–494
challenge-hindrance theory, 196
Chan, S. W., 446
older job seekers and reemployment, 450,
451
Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., 217
Cheng, Bonnie Hayden, 4
“Through the Looking Glass: Employment Interviews from the Lens of Job Candidates,” 329–357
child abuse or neglect, and unemployment, 74
child development, effects of family job loss on, 94
children, effects of unemployment on, 93–94
China, JOBS Program in, 582
client companies and the use of headhunters, 304–305
clothing and style of dress, and interview process, 333,
348
cognition, and discrimination, 515
cognitive interference theories, and job interview anxiety, 340–341
cognitive processes, and reemployment program activities, 537,
539
cognitive-transactional model of stress, 34
coherence, sense of in unemployment, 75
collective purpose, and job loss among older workers, 440
collectivism as contextual factor in job search, 200
and individual consequences of job loss, 66–67
committment, as moderator of goal setting, 131
communication alleviating effects of job insecurity via enhanced, 46–47
importance of in outplacement programs, 558
verbal and nonverbal in interviews, 336–337
competence knowing-how competencies, 477
networking and maintaining, 277
complexity, as moderator of goal setting, 131
components and phases of job search, 4
confidence, and career adaptability, 234,
235,
236
conscientiousness, and job search, 315,
395
conservation of resources theory, 366,
369
and comprehensive model of job insecurity, 35
and on-the-job resources, 472
contextual ambiguity, and discrimination, 515
contingency workers, and underemployment, 362
contract employment
hetereogeneity of contracts, 471–472
and perceived job insecurity, 38
control, and career adaptability, 234,
236
control theory empirical research on, 137
implications for job search, 135–139
and theories of motivation, 129
coping with job loss gender differences in, 362
mediating and modifying variables of, 15
and phase model of self-categorization, 422
protective resources for, 91–92
transactional model of stress and coping, 146
cost-effectiveness of reemployment programs, evaluating, 533
counseling services, as part of outplacement programs, 550,
555,
556
country of origin, and international job search outcome, 495
Coverdill, James E., 4
“Contingency Headhunters: What They Do--and What Their Activities Tell Us About Jobs, Careers, and the Labor Market,” 293–310
job turnover process, 405
credential inflation, 362
Creed, P. A., 16
job search among high school students, 192
learning goal orientation, 316
outcomes of job-search behavior, 394
self-regulation in job search, 315
crime and unemployment, 106
criteria, headhunting and ability to identify, 305–306
Cropanzano, R. affective events theory, 146
social-cognitive perspective on job loss and job search, 145
Crossley, C. D., 166
economic rational choice theory, 194–195
job-search intensity, 390,
408
job-search strategies, 448
cultural capital, and international job search, 487
culture, as contextual factor in job search, 200–201
curiosity and career adaptability, 234,
236
and intrinsic motivation, 162
cybernetic control theory, 148,
209
D
daily routine, coping with change in, 149,
162
Davenport, P. R.
expectancy-value theory, 22
outplacement programs, 551,
557
day-reconstruction method, and studying job search, 426
Debus, M. E. job insecurity and social safety net, 44–45
organizational performance and perceived job insecurity, 36
Deci, E. L., 148
autonomous vs. controlled choices, 211
self-determination theory, 160,
168
self-regulation/job-search questionnaire, 164
decision-making, and career adaptability, 234–235,
236
decision-making theory, and job-search strategies, 262
De Cuyper, Nele, 5,
38
“Nontraditional Employment: The Careers of Temporary Workers,” 465–480
reasons for accepting temporary employment, 471
temporary workers and impression management, 472
demographics demographic characteristics and job interviews, 331–332
further research on moderating effects of, 76–77
and job-to-job search, 407
moderator effects and interventions, 76
and perceived job insecurity, 37,
48n2
De Pater, Irene E., 5
“Too Old to Tango? Job Loss and Job Search among Older Workers, 433–464
depression and JOBS Program model, 576
and JOBS Program research, 578
unemployment as risk factor for suicide, 79n7
deprivation theory, and research on unemployment, 17–18
Derous, Eva, 5
“By Any Other Name: Discrimination in Resume Screening,” 501–522
impression management behaviors, 336
resume screening, discrimination in, 503
deservingness, and response to job loss, 23–24
despair, among the unemployed, 11
De Witte, Hans, 5
autonomous vs. controlled motivation, 166
credential inflation, 362
impression management behaviors, 336
motivation for job search, 164
“Nontraditional Employment: The Careers of Temporary Workers,” 465–480
(p. 595)
reasons for accepting temporary employment, 471
subjective job insecurity, 33
temporary employees and job insecurity, 38
temporary workers and impression management, 472
diary study of job-search dynamics, 424
of job-search efforts, 170
dimensions of job-search behavior, 260
Dipboye, R. L., 322
physical attractiveness in job candidates, 332
direct-hire temporary workers, 466
disabilities impact of unemployment on workers with, 102,
103
discrimination
discriminatory questions in job interviews, 341
and international job search, 492
and job search among older workers, 451–453
discrimination, in resume screening, 501–502,
506,
516,
518n5
and applicant characteristics, 509–512
future research directions, 516–517
human capital hypothesis vs. hiring discrimination hypothesis, 503–506
job and organizational characteristics, 512–513
labor market position of ethnic minorities, 502
practical recommendations for avoiding, 517–518
social-psychological perspectives, 506–509
dissatisfaction, as motivating factor in job search, 196–197
distancing strategies, 149
domestic violence, and unemployment, 74,
92–93
Dougherty, T. W., 281
antecedents of networking behavior, 282–283
outcomes of networking behavior, 285
preinterview impressions, 322
Dozier, J. B. Career Growth Model of outplacement services, 549
outplacement programs, 557
positive effects of job loss, 149,
150
drug use, and unemployment, 92–93
dynamics of job-search process, 268–269
E
earning potential, effect of underemployment on, 367
Eby, L. T., 149
models of career success, 231
outcomes of networking behavior, 285
economic costs of high unemployment, 99–100
economic development, and individual consequences of job loss, 65
economic downturns, increased mental illness during, 14–15
economic hardship in context of job search, 195
effects on families, 88–89
economic job-search theory, 243–244,
253
basic model with stationarity assumption, 244–246
endogenous job-search effort, 249
nonstationarity with anticipation, 247–248
nonstationarity without anticipation, 246
social networks and informal search channels, 249–250
economic markets
effect on career trajectories, 223–224
economic rational choice theory, 194–195
economic stabilizers of unemployment, 104–105
education and career planning and development, 384–385
educational attainment and family unemployment, 94
and effects of job loss on mental health, 61
and international job search, 486
and labor market position of ethnic minorities, 502
effort and dimensions of job search, 260–262
and goal setting theory, 132
ego depletion, and prejudiced reactions, 508
Eikemo, Terje A., 3
“Insecurity, Unemployment, and Health: A Social Epidemiological Perspective,” 111–125
Eisenberg, P., 13
duration of unemployment, 62
theoretical approaches to studying unemployment, 16,
17
emergency funds, availability to families, 88–89
emotion
suppression of in interviews, 342–343
emotional contagion theory, 323
emotional model of job search behavior, 421–422
emotion-focused coping, 20
employability
full employment vs. full employability, 542
maintaining among employed workers, 454–455
maintaining among older workers, 454
maintaining among unemployed workers, 455
and temporary employment transitions, 469–471
employability programs, work first vs. human capital development approaches, 561–562
employed job seekers, 401,
403
directions for future research, 410–413
implications for employers, 413–414
methodology and analysis of research on, 412–413
operationalizing search, 403
push-and-pull factors influencing, 406
researching dynamic process of, 412
search and turnover process models, 403–406
employees, impediments to satisfaction, 300
employers, and treatment of temporary employees, 477
employment and environmental factors in well-being, 19–20
full employment vs. full employability, 542
lifetime employability, concept of, 43
manifest and latent functions of, 18
setting employment goals, 182,
184
skill utilization and quality of, 72
standard vs. nontraditional form of, 465
employment, temporary, 465–466,
473–475
careers of temporary workers, 474f
future directions for research, 475–476
reasons for accepting, 471,
476
transitions and perceived employability, 469–471
employment agencies, vs. headhunting firms, 295,
297
employment commitment, 194
employment contract, and perceived job insecurity, 38
employment position, in context of job search, 199–200
employment security vs. job security, 469
endogenous job-search effort, 249
entitlement, and response to job loss, 23–24
environmental factors, in mental health, 19–20
equilibrium theory of coping, and underemployment, 365–366
ethnic-enclave labor, 489
ethnic identification hypothesis, and discrimination, 510,
511
ethnicity as contextual factor in job search, 200–201
as determinant of hiring discrimination, 509
diversity of in labor market, 144
ethnic minorities
labor market position of, 502
ethnic prominence hypothesis, and discrimination, 509,
511
evaluation design, principal approaches, 527
events, primary and secondary appraisals of, 146,
150
expectancy-value theory, and research on unemployment, 21–22,
193–194
Expectations and Actions (Feather), 22
experience sampling method and study of job-search dynamics, 424–425
using in future research, 78
experimental research, and impact evaluation, 527–528,
532
exploration, and career adaptability, 234–235
exploratory job-search strategy, 262,
418,
449
extraversion, and job search, 315,
395
extrinsic motivation, 171
eye contact, maintaining in interviews, 348–349
F
fairness, and job interviews, 341–342
families adaptation to stress, 90–91
family formation, and unemployment, 73–74
family resilience and coping with job loss, 91
further research on effects of job loss on, 77
health consequences of unemployment, 114
implications of job insecurity for, 40
neglect and abuse, and unemployment, 74
families, and unemployment cascade of stressors, 90–91
directions for future research, 94–95
effects of Great Recession, 87
effects of reduced household income, 88–89,
95
family resilience and coping with job loss, 91
identities and family roles, 92–93
male vs. female unemployment, 93
protective resources for coping with job loss, 91–92
research perspectives on, 87–88
stress and mental health effects, 89–90
family situation, as contextual factor in job search, 200
Faulconbridge, James R., 304
Feather, Norman, 2
autonomous vs. controlled motivation, 166
grounding research in theory, 160
“Historical Background to Research on Job Loss, Unemployment, and Job Search,” 9–29
quality of employment, 72
feedback
as moderator of goal setting, 131–132
Feldman, D. C., 39
career issues and underemployment, 370
cognitive appraisals of job loss, 196
concept of underemployment, 359
coping with job loss, 149
education and work experience, 384
models of career success, 231
psychological distress after job loss, 362
relative deprivation theory and underemployment, 364
school-to-work transition, 380,
381
theoretical approaches to effects of underemployment, 369
underemployment and job performance, 368
Ferris, Gerald R., 281
impression management, 302
political skill inventory, 283
financial insecurity, in context of job search, 195
financial strain, for older workers in job loss, 439
Finland, JOBS Program in, 582
Finlay, William, 4
“Contingency Headhunters: What They Do--and What Their Activities Tell Us About Jobs, Careers, and the Labor Market,” 293–310
job turnover process, 405
first impressions, in job interviews, 335
Fishbein, J., 22
broader context of job search, 198
determinants of behavior, 193
social-cognitive perspective on job loss and job search, 145
Flinders program of research, 15,
22
focal phenomena, and selecting research designs, 424–425
Folkman, S., 20
primary and secondary appraisals of job loss, 150
social-cognitive perspective on job loss and job search, 145
transactional model of stress and coping, 146
Fontinha, Rita, 5
“Nontraditional Employment: The Careers of Temporary Workers,” 465–480
Foo, M.-D. unemployment and marriages, 90
Forret, Monica, 4
“Networking as a Job- Search Behavior and Career Management Strategy,” 275–292
establishing professional networks, 489
gender roles and unemployment, 233
Fryer, D. M., 10,
11
future orientation and coping with job loss, 447
research on positive effects of job loss, 77–78
unemployment and health, 114
Full Employment in a Free Society (Beveridge), 99
future orientation
and job loss among older workers, 441
G
Galic, Z.
multiwave longitudinal study of job-search dynamics, 424,
425
Gardner, Richard G., 4–5
“Employed Job Seekers and Job-to-Job Search,” 401–416
Gardner, Timothy M., 307n5
Gatewood, R. D. coping with job loss, 149
engagement in non-work activities, 210
gender and effects of job loss on mental health, 60–61,
76,
233
and international job search, 485
and interventions for consequences of job loss, 75–76
job loss and masculine identity, 92–93
and labor market outcomes, 518n3
male vs. female unemployment, 93
and type of employment, 334
and unemployment rates, 79n2
and use of outplacement services, 552–553
and verbal self-guidance in job search, 134–135
generational impact of unemployment, 102–104
Giannnantonio, C. M., 260
Gini score of income distribution, 79n4
Glebbeck, Arie, 5–6
“The Evaluation of Reemployment Programs: Between Impact Assessment and Theory-Based Approaches,” 525–545
globalization, and hiring discrimination, 510
global job markets, and recent economic downturns, 360
goal-establishment system, in self-regulation, 209–211
goal maintenance strategies, 214
goals
goal-establishment phase of job search, 182,
184
and intrinsic and extrinsic work goals, 172–173
learning goal orientation, 213
subconscious goal primes, 217
goal setting and career planning and development, 387
checklist for job seekers, 139
generating reemployment intentions and goals, 146–147
goal setting theory, 130–135,
130f
functional vs. dysfunctional self-talk, 133–135
and generating reemployment goals, 147
and motivation for job search, 196
and theories of motivation, 129
goal-shielding implementation intentions, 214,
217
goal specificity, in goal setting theory, 132
goal theory, and control theory, 135–137
Gowan, M. A. coping with job loss, 149
engagement in non-work activities, 210
grade-point-average, and success of school-to-work transition, 395–396
Great Depression, studies on job loss and job search, 9–13
Greater Avenues to Independence program, 535
Great Recession and financial outlook for older workers, 439
and job availability in economic recovery, 568
longstanding unemployment from, 87
mass layoff events during, 35–36
and objective job security, 438
and perceived job insecurity, 437
and recent history of job loss and job search, 1
recovery of global job markets from, 360
and self-employment for older workers, 447–448
Greenhalgh, L., 33
organizational norms of fairness, 47
organizational performance and perceived job insecurity, 36
grievances, and perceived job insecurity, 39
group competition theory, and discrimination, 506
H
Hamori, Monika, 298
results of headhunting, 306
work and practices of headhunters, 307n3
Harcourt, M., and S. Harcourt, 488
Harvey, J., 361
job attitudes and underemployment, 368
measurement issues and research on underemployment, 370
relative deprivation theory and underemployment, 364
Hassel, Alice, 2–3
“Individual Consequences of Job Loss and Unemployment,” 57–85
headhunters
evaluating prospective candidates, 301–302
financial footing of industry, 295–296
and job turnover process, 405
methods of building clientele, 296–297
structural holes and headhunting practices, 300
headhunters, directions for future research, 304–307
candidates and source companies, 305
producing candidates, 306
health international variation in job security and, 122
perceived status as motivator in job search, 197
self-reported health and health behaviors, 116
self-reported health and unemployment, 118,
121t,
122
and temporary employment transitions, 470
health care benefits, and hiring of older workers, 452
health care utilization, and job insecurity, 113
Highhouse, S., 166
job-search strategies, 448
recruiter characteristics and discrimination, 514
high school graduates, school-to-work transition, 394
historical background, of research on job loss and job search
deprivation theory, 17–18
early twentieth-century concerns, 10
expectancy-value theory, 21–22
fourteenth-century attitudes, 9–10
implications of research, 25
improvements in methodology and analysis, 14
in post-World War II era to 1990s, 14–16
significance of research, 24–25
stress and coping models, 20–21
studies from Great Depression, 9–13
theoretical approaches, 16–24
Hobfoll, S. E., 35
conservation of resources theory, 472
theoretical approaches to effects of underemployment, 369
Holistic Outplacement Model, 549
hostility, and unemployment, 74
House, J. S., 15
job insecurity and worker health, 40
unemployment and mental health, 578
household size, as contextual factor in job search, 200
human capital competitive advantage of, 301
human capital attainment and career competencies, 277
and family unemployment, 94
human capital development, vs. work first approach to employability, 561–562,
569–570,
571
future directions for research, 570–571
rationale and targets of approaches, 562–563
relationship to individual participants, 565–566
relationship to labor market, 564–565
human capital theory, and underemployment, 365
Human Development Index (HDI), 79n3
hysteresis, theory of, 366,
562
I
identified regulation, 164
identity coping with identity threat, 228–230
and job loss among older workers, 439–440
and phase model of self-categorization, 422
work-related identity threats, 225–228
identity and coping during career transitions model (ICCT), 230
identity change, and school-to-work transition, 380
identity theory, and effects of job loss, 92–93
immigrants and local institutional resources, 488,
490
immigration policies, and international job search, 483–484
immigration status, and perceived job insecurity, 37
impact evaluation, of reemployment programs, 527–531
implementation intentions, 214,
217
implicit personality theory, 332
impression formation theories, and discrimination, 507–508
impression management
and job interview behavior, 334–336
and preparing for interviews, 348–349
income distribution Gini score to measure, 79n4
and impact of unemployment, 106
income inequality, and individual consequences of job loss, 65
individual antecedents, of perceived job insecurity, 37–39
individualism and consequences of job loss, 66–67
as contextual factor in job search, 200
Industrial Age, and concept of unemployment, 58
industry sector, and perceived job insecurity, 37
informal search channels, and economic job-search theory, 249–250
insecurity, sources of feeling, 12
instrumental attitudes, and job search, 191
integrated regulation, 164
intensity, and dimensions of job search, 260–262
intention-behavior moderators
intentions, implementation intentions, 214,
217
interdependence theory, and job interviews, 335
internalization, and autonomous job search, 163
international job search, 495–496
career development and promotion, 492–493
future directions for research, 496
immigration policies and labor market, 483–484
postmigration investment in human capital, 490–491
practical implications checklist, 496–497
international job seekers, 481,
495–496
future directions for research, 496
practical implications checklist, 496–497
Internet and job search among older workers, 449
and job-to-job search, 412
internships, and school-to-work transition, 384–385
interval job-search strategy, 419
interventions
for consequences of job loss, 75–76
and job-search behaviors and success, 419
JOBS Program content, 578
JOBS Program protocols, 576
reemployment interventions, 236
verbal self-guidance in job search, 133–135
interviews candidate checklist for practice, 347–349
comprehensive model of performance, 331
discriminatory questions in, 341
hiring discrimination and structure of, 505
improving interview skills, 344
interview structure, significance of, 333–334,
338
and preinterview impressions, 322–323
and studying episodes of job search, 426
type of job, significance of, 334
verbal and nonverbal communication in, 336–337
interviews, from the candidate perspective, 329–331,
346–347
conceptual framework, 330f
Ireland, JOBS Program in, 582
J
Jackson, P. R. age and effects of job loss, 442
duration of unemployment, 62
unemployment and mental health, 19
Jahoda, Marie activity level, importance of, 440
attitude toward employment, 72
defining unemployment, 59
and deprivation theory, 17–18
effects of long-term unemployment, 14
latent-deprivation model, 70,
71
latent functions of employment, 114
Marienthal and other studies by, 11,
57
origins of Marienthal study, 10
research on unemployment and families, 87
theoretical approaches to studying unemployment, 16,
17
time structure and work, 441
Jenn, Nancy Garrison, 307n6
Jiang, Lixin, 2
“Job Insecurity and Anticipated Job Loss: A Primer and Exploration of Possible Interventions,” 31–53
job agencies, employee-client relationships, 78
job assessment, and preparing for interviews, 348
job attendance, self-management of, 133
job attitudes and job-to-job search, 412
job availability, and employability programs, 568
job candidate behaviors, and interview process, 334–339,
337
directions for future research, 338–339
identifying and practicing behaviors, 349
impression management behaviors, 334–336
nonverbal and verbal communication, 336–337
job candidate characteristics, and interview process, 331–334
demographic characteristics, 331–332
directions for future research, 334
interview structure, significance of, 333–334
type of job, significance of, 334
job candidate reactions, and interview process, 339–343
directions for future research, 342–343
preference for types of interviews, 339–340
job candidate recommendations, and interview process, 343–346
improving interview skills, 344
increasing perceptions of justice, 345–346
job characteristics and applicant attraction, 313
and discrimination in resume screening, 512–513
job creation, governmental, 160
job insecurity affective vs. cognitive, 34
alleviating effects via enhanced communication, 46–47
alleviating effects via enhanced control, 45–46
alleviating effects via enhanced employability, 43–44
alleviating effects via enhanced support systems, 44–45
alleviating effects via organizational justice and trust, 47
alleviating negative effects of, 43t
attenuating adverse safety outcomes, 47–48
behavioral consequences of, 40–41
and career trajectories, 224
cognitive, attitudinal, and affective reactions to, 39
evidence for positive outcomes, 42
implications for well-being, 40
individual antecedents, 37–39
mental and physical reactions to, 437
moderating effects of perceived, 42–48
organizational antecedents, 36–37
organizational consequences, 42
proximity to organizational core, 38
psychological effects of, 15–16
qualitative vs. quantitative, 33–34
socioeconomic antecedents, 35–36
subjective vs.objective insecurity, 32–33
vs. anticipated job loss, 48n1
and work-related identity threats, 225–228
job insecurity, a social epidemiological perspective on explaining job insecurity and health, 114
international variation in job insecurity and health, 122
social protections in welfare-state regimes, 117–118,
118f
welfare state regimes and health, 116–118
job interviews, and multidimensionality of job search, 266–267
job interviews, from the candidate perspective, 329–331,
346–347
conceptual framework, 330f
job loss benefits of writing about, 554
and career trajectories, 224
causal attributions and response to, 22–23
effects on child development, 94
effects on work identity and well-being, 226,
228
financial and psychological impacts of, 438–439
future research on positive effects of, 77–78
grieving process and, 150
and identity theory, 92–93
increased recognition of context, 144
potential benefits for older workers, 447
self-efficacy and response to, 23
self-regulation perspective on, 148–150
social-cognitive perspective on, 148–150
social-cognitive process model of, 145f
and social-cognitive theory, 146
theoretical perspectives on, 3–4
and work-related identity threats, 225–228
job loss, among older workers, 433–434,
453–455
advantages and challenges of, 453
employability and associated stereotypes, 434–436
and maintaining employability, 454
perceived vs. objective job insecurity, 436–438
job loss, and families cascade of stressors, 90–91
directions for future research, 94–95
effects of Great Recession, 87
effects of reduced household income, 88–89,
95
family resilience and coping, 91
identities and family roles, 92–93
male vs. female unemployment, 93
protective resources for coping with job loss, 91–92
research perspectives on, 87–88
stress and mental health effects, 89–90
job loss, historical background of research, 9–29
deprivation theory, 17–18
early twentieth-century concerns, 10
expectancy-value theory, 21–22
fourteenth-century attitudes, 9–10
implications of research, 25
improvements in methodology and analysis, 14
in post-World War II era to 1990s, 14–16
significance of research, 24–25
stress and coping models, 20–21
studies from the Great Depression, 9–13
theoretical approaches, 16–24
job loss, individual consequences of
causal effects on mental health, studies of, 68–70
differences across national borders, 65–67
differences among countries, 65–67
duration of unemployment, 62,
63f
explaining negative mental health effects, 70–72
hostility and aggression, 74
moderators of effects on mental health, 60–64
physical health and health behavior, 72–73
practical conclusions of research, 75–76
sexual behavior and family formation, 73–74
and socioeconomic status, 61–62
job loss and underemployment
job performance, and underemployment, 368
job-person fit, and applicant attraction, 314
JOBS: A Manual for Teaching People Successful Job-Search Strategies, 584–585
job satisfaction after job-to-job search, 409
and temporary employment, 471
job search affective vs. instrumental attitudes, 191
among temporary workers, 469
basic model with stationarity assumption, 244–246
components and phases of, 4
effect of economic hardship on, 89
effort and intensity, defining, 403
facilitating or impending factors, 193
financial and other costs of, 305
generating reemployment intentions and goals, 146–147
goal setting vs. control theory, 138–139
habits and routines, significance of, 217
increased recognition of context, 144
individual salient beliefs motivating, 192–193
integrating with recruitment, 316–318
intensity and effort, among older job seekers, 448
intensity and effort, defining, 403
international job search strategies, 489–490
interventions and outcomes, 150–152
measurement issues and research on, 153–154
and mindfulness training, 217
and mindset of unlimited willpower, 215
and modern self-regulation models, 167–169
motivational and self-regulatory perspectives on, 183f
multiple job options, 211
outcomes of networking for, 284–285
personal attitude toward, 186
potential for lowered mental health, 67
predictors of behaviors and outcomes, 315–316
significance of motivation in, 164–167
significance of quality in, 185
social-cognitive process model of, 145f
studying episodes of behavior, 425–426
temporal considerations in, 152
theoretical perspectives on, 3–4
job search, among older workers, 433–434,
453–455
advantages and challenges of, 453
employability and associated stereotypes, 434–436
and maintaining employability, 454
job search, and school-to-work transition, 379–381,
394–396,
398
career planning and development, 383–387
education and work experience, 384–385
integrative model of, 382,
383f
interrelatedness of stages, 394,
396
intervention framework, 397t
stakeholders in success of, 396
job search, historical background of research, 9–29
deprivation theory, 17–18
early twentieth-century concerns, 10
expectancy-value theory, 21–22
fourteenth-century attitudes, 9–10
implications of research, 25
improvements in methodology and analysis, 14
in post-World War II era to 1990s, 14–16
significance of research, 24–25
stress and coping models, 20–21
studies from the Great Depression, 9–13
theoretical approaches, 16–24
job-search behavior, a theory of planned, 183f,
184–187,
191–201
conceptualizing self-regulation in, 209–216
contextual and global-level motivating factors, 192–201
intention-behavior moderators, and goal establishment, 209–211
intention-behavior moderators, and goal striving, 212–215
motivational and self-regulatory perspectives on, 207t
nonconscious self-regulation, 216–217
practical suggestions regarding, 201,
218
predictors of job-search intention, 191–192
self-regulation, functioning of, 208–209
job-search behavior, multidimensionality of behaviors and sources, 261t
content and direction of behavior, 262–268
definition and dimensions, 260
future research directions, 271–273
implications for employment counselors, 270–271
implications for job seekers, 270
informal and formal sources of information, 264–265,
418
preparatory and active behaviors, 263–264
quality of job-search behaviors, 267–268
relationships within and between dimensions, 269–270
specific behaviors and sources, 265–267
job-search behavior, of the unemployed analytic strategies for studying, 425
antecedents and outcomes of, 419–420
methodologies of research into search dynamics, 424–425
studying episodes of behavior, 425–426
theoretical models of dynamics in, 420–423
job-search research
recommendations for individuals and organizations, 325
job search strategies, among older workers, 448–450
job-search theory, and underemployment, 366
job security and organizational tenure, 438
vs. employment security, 469
job-seeking behavior and expectancy-value theory, 21–22
JOBS Program, 6
benefits to participants, 584,
585f
conceptual framework of, 577f
cycles of active teaching and learning, 583f
effectiveness in service settings, 581
future directions for research and practice, 586–588
international dissemination of, 581–582
mechanisms underlying effectiveness of, 580
protocol for training and delivery, 582–585
job tenure, and perceived job insecurity, 37–38
job-to-job search, 401,
403
directions for future research, 410–413
implications for employers, 413–414
methodology and analysis of research on, 412–413
operationalizing search, 403
overview of process, 402f
researching dynamic process of, 412
search and turnover process models, 403–406
justice, organizational, 47
K
Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., 395
Kanfer, F. social-cognitive perspective on job loss and job search, 145
theories of self-regulation, 147
Kanfer, Ruth, 3
education and job search, 486
effect of economic hardship on job search, 89
employment position and job search, 199
evaluating reemployment, 154
intensity of job search, 185
“Job Loss and Job Search: A Social-Cognitive and Self-Regulation Perspective,” 143–158
job-search effort and intensity, 261
job-search intensity, 389
job-search intensity and job satisfaction, 391
measuring job-search intensity, 153
outplacement programs, 553
perceived financial need, 195
personality traits and school-to-work transition, 395
preparatory and active job search behaviors, 263
resource allocation model, 148
self-regulation model, introduction of, 420
volitional job seeking, 168
Kantrowitz, T. M.
effect of economic hardship on job search, 89
Kent, Derin, 5
“International Job Search,” 481–499
Kessler, R. C., 15
stress and coping models, 21
unemployment and mental health, 578
Kinicki, A. J., 41
coping with job loss, 149,
365
well-being during unemployment, 58
Kira, Mari, 5
“Too Old to Tango? Job Loss and Job Search among Older Workers,” 433–464
Klehe, Ute-Christine advance notice of redundancy, 46
career planning and development, 385,
386
focused job search strategy, 151
job insecurity and job search behaviors, 41
“New Economy Careers Demand Adaptive Mental Models and Resources,” 223–241
reemployment quality, 363,
391
research on positive effects of job loss, 78
results of mandatory reemployment course, 165
“Too Old to Tango? Job Loss and Job Search among Older Workers,” 433–464
“What to Expect: The Oxford Handbook of Job Loss and Job Search,” 1–6
Kleinmann, M. job insecurity and social safety net, 44–45
organizational performance and perceived job insecurity, 36
knowing-how competencies, 477
Koen, Jesse, 5
focused job search strategy, 151
mandatory skill training, 236
reemployment quality, 363
research on positive effects of job loss, 78
results of mandatory reemployment course, 165
“Too Old to Tango? Job Loss and Job Search among Older Workers,” 433–464
use of job search strategies, 262
König, C. job insecurity and social safety net, 44–45
organizational performance and perceived job insecurity, 36
L
labor market active labor market policies, and employability, 566–567,
569
and approaches to employability, 564–565
demand as contextual factor in job search, 199
and economic job search theory, 243–244
effect on career trajectories, 223–224
ethnic-enclave labor, 489
and individual consequences of job loss, 66
international deregulation of, 112
and international job search, 483–484
occupation-specific demand and international job search, 495
position of ethnic minorities in
and psychological impacts of job insecurity and loss, 16
and reemployment programs, 543n7
and work first approach to employability, 562–563
labor market policy, and job search behavior, 250–251
labor unions, and international job seekers, 488
language proficiency, and international job search, 486–487
Latack, J. C., 149
Career Growth Model of outplacement services, 549
outplacement programs, 557
positive effects of job loss, 149
reactions to job loss, 452
latent deprivation theory, 70,
71,
114
Latham, Gary P., 3
“Goal Setting and Control Theory: Implications for Job Search,” 129–141
goal setting research, 132,
133
social-cognitive perspective on job loss and job search, 145
verbal self-guidance, 134
layoffs, and workload of remaining employees, 100
Lazarsfeld, Paul duration of unemployment, 62
origins of Marienthal study, 10
stages of unemployment effects, 13
theoretical approaches to studying unemployment, 16,
17
Lazarus, R. S., 20
primary and secondary appraisals of job loss, 150
social-cognitive perspective on job loss and job search, 145
stress and coping models, 21
transactional model of stress and coping, 146
leader-member exchange theory, 44
Leana, C. R.
coping with job loss, 149
psychological distress after job loss, 362
relative deprivation theory and underemployment, 364
learning, and older job seekers, 435–436
learning goal orientation, 213
learning goals, and goal setting theory, 131
learning model of job search behavior, 421
Lee, T. W. job attitudes and underemployment, 368
leisure activities, and fulfilling a sense of calling, 227
leverage-seeking job searches, 409–410
Lewin, K.
theoretical approaches to studying unemployment, 16
Li, Xian, 5
“Job-Search Behavior of the Unemployed: A Dynamic Perspective,” 417–429
older job seekers and reemployment, 450–451
“life design” career approach, 224
lifetime employability, concept of, 43
limited resource model, and biased decision making, 508
limiting long-term illness, and unemployment, 116
Lindsay, Colin, 6
“Work First versus Human Capital Development in Employability Programs,” 561–574
LMSI, and access to income-earning activities, 79n5
local institutional resources, and international job seekers, 488
Locke, Edwin A., 3
control theory and job search, 135,
137
“Goal Setting and Control Theory: Implications for Job Search,” 129–141
social-cognitive perspective on job loss and job search, 145
long-term illness, and unemployment, 116
M
Maitoza, Robyn, 3
“Job Loss, Unemployment, and Families,” 87–98
Malmberg-Heimonen, I., 581
Marienthal study effects of unemployment, 57
significance of economic development, 65
summary and historical background of, 11
market-mediated temporary employment, 466–467
marriages effect of economic hardship on, 89–90
job loss and loss of identity, 92–93
“rigid” vs. “flexible” roles in, 92
social support in coping with job loss, 91
stress and mental health effects of unemployment, 89–90
Mawritz, Mary B., 3
“Goal Setting and Control Theory: Implications for Job Search,” 129–141
maximizing job search strategy, 262–263
Maynard, D. C., 364,
365
job attitudes and underemployment, 368
underemployment and turnover behavior, 368
McCarthy, Julie M., 4
discriminatory questions in job interviews, 341–342
job interview anxiety, 340
structured interviews and discrimination, 514
“Through the Looking Glass: Employment Interviews from the Lens of Job Candidates,” 329–357
McCool, Joseph Daniel, 307n3
McKee-Ryan, Frances M., 3,
4
age and effects of job loss, 442
age and individual consequences of job loss, 63
causal effects of job loss on mental health, 69
duration of unemployment, 62
equilibrium theory of coping, 365
job attitudes and underemployment, 367,
368
“Job Loss, Unemployment, and Families,” 87–98
measurement issues and research on underemployment, 370
“Reemployment Quality, Underemployment, and Career Outcomes,” 359–375
relative deprivation theory and underemployment, 364
significance of unemployment protection, 65–66
theoretical approaches to effects of underemployment, 369
well-being during unemployment,
