An objective for studying cognition in animals is that it may provide insight into impairments in cognition observed in people. Cognitive impairments are debilitating, and developing insight into the origins of such impairments may aid in the development of effective treatments. This chapter focuses on development of animal models of memory that may aid in the search for effective treatments of memory disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. The case of modeling episodic memory in animals is considered. Evidence is presented that, at the time of memory assessment, rats remember a unique earlier event including what occurred, where it happened, and when it took place (what-where-when memory). The merits and limitations of the model are discussed. Future directions for further development of the model are highlighted.