Cultural influences on environmental attitudes and behaviors have been examined in an increasing number of studies. This chapter provides an introductory review of cultural explanations concerning environmental engagement. Besides discussing theoretical models that explain cultural differences in human-environment interactions, the chapter summarizes recent research examining environmental attitudes and behaviors across cultures. The majority of studies have examined cultural differences at the individual level of analysis, but the past few years have seen the emergence of country-level studies as well as studies employing multilevel strategies to examine the effect of individual-level and country-level variables simultaneously. The review suggests that affluence and value orientations are the main determinants of the development of and differences in environmental engagement across cultures. The chapter also discusses important methodological issues for designing and evaluating cross-cultural studies and future directions for this developing field of research.