- The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
- About the Editors
- Abbreviations
- List of Contributors
- Introduction: The United Nations and Peacekeeping
- Trends in Peace Operations, 1947–2013
- Peacekeeping and International Law
- The United Nations’ Inter-organizational Relations in Peacekeeping
- Peace Operations and Humanitarian Interventions
- Evaluating Peace Operations
- Introduction: Post-Cold War Peacekeeping: 1988–1998
- United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP)
- United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG)
- United Nations Angola Verification Mission I (UNAVEM I)
- United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG)
- United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA)
- United Nations Iraq–Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)
- United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)
- United Nations Angola Verification Missions II and III (UNAVEM II and III)
- United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)
- United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC)
- United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR—Croatia)
- United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR—Bosnia and Herzegovina)
- United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)
- United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM I)
- United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ)
- United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II)
- United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)
- United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL)
- United Nations Observer Mission Uganda–Rwanda (UNOMUR) and United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda I (UNAMIR I)
- United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda II (UNAMIR II)
- United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group (UNASOG)
- United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT)
- United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP—Macedonia)
- United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH)
- United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (UNTAES) and UN Civilian Police Support Group in Croatia (UNPSG)
- United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP)
- United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)
- United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH)
- United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA)
- United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA)
- United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH)
- United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH)
- United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA)
- United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL)
- Index
Abstract and Keywords
This article focuses on the United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA), a peacekeeping mission deployed by the UN Security Council from November 1989 to January 1992 to monitor the implementation of a far-reaching peace agreement (known as the “Esquipulas II Agreement”) following almost three decades of civil war, violence, and authoritarianism in Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. After providing an overview of the conflicts in the five Central American countries, the article outlines ONUCA’s mandate as well as its operational achievements and limitations in terms of confidence-building, ceasefire monitoring, separation of forces, disarmament, and demobilization. It also discusses the lessons that can be learned from ONUCA’s experience.
Keywords: ONUCA, peacekeeping mission, UN Security Council, peace agreement, civil war, Central America, confidence-building, disarmament, demobilization
Joachim A. Koops is Research Professor and Senior Associate Researcher for European Foreign and Security Policy. He is also the Dean of Vesalius College, Vrije Universiteit Brussel as well as Course Director of the Executive Course in Global Risk Analysis and Crisis Management and the European Peace and Security Studies (EPSS) Programme.
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- The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
- About the Editors
- Abbreviations
- List of Contributors
- Introduction: The United Nations and Peacekeeping
- Trends in Peace Operations, 1947–2013
- Peacekeeping and International Law
- The United Nations’ Inter-organizational Relations in Peacekeeping
- Peace Operations and Humanitarian Interventions
- Evaluating Peace Operations
- Introduction: Post-Cold War Peacekeeping: 1988–1998
- United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP)
- United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG)
- United Nations Angola Verification Mission I (UNAVEM I)
- United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG)
- United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA)
- United Nations Iraq–Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)
- United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)
- United Nations Angola Verification Missions II and III (UNAVEM II and III)
- United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)
- United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC)
- United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR—Croatia)
- United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR—Bosnia and Herzegovina)
- United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)
- United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM I)
- United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ)
- United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II)
- United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)
- United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL)
- United Nations Observer Mission Uganda–Rwanda (UNOMUR) and United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda I (UNAMIR I)
- United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda II (UNAMIR II)
- United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group (UNASOG)
- United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT)
- United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP—Macedonia)
- United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH)
- United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (UNTAES) and UN Civilian Police Support Group in Croatia (UNPSG)
- United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP)
- United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)
- United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH)
- United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA)
- United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA)
- United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH)
- United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH)
- United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA)
- United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL)
- Index