(p. 933)
Index
Please see individual main entries for countries/regions.
Abbasid period 433,
461–2
early Abbasid caliphate, judiciary in 306–10
state and law, relationship between 388
Abd al-Razzaq al-San‘ani 235,
411
Abdal-Rehim, Abdal-Rahman 898
Abidin, Muhammad Amin 545
Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) 855
Ackerman-Lieberman, Phillip 452
al-‘Adawi, Muhammad Hasanayn Makhluf 864
Ahl-e-Hadees community 677
Ahmad, Mirza Ghulam 678–9
Ahmad Shah Durrani, 1st Emperor of the Durrani Empire 495
Ali, Abdullah bin Hamid 291–3
‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (Fourth Caliph) 110,
305,
415
al-Alwani, Taha Jabir 742
al-ʿAmili Hasan ibn Zayn al-Din al-Shahid al-Thani 211,
220–3,
229
Anglo-Muhammadan law 537–50,
685–6,
691
independence, India after 547–8
Narantakh v Parakkal 544–7
postcolonial legal structures 538
Privy Council, appeals to 540,
541
women/gender equality 547
anthropology 133–48
American cultural anthropology 135
courts/judiciary, studies of 136–42
small scale societies 135–6
women/gender equality 78,
80
Arab-Israeli war of 1967 823
(p. 936)
Australia, Shari‘a law in 751–74
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, access to justice for 763
assimilation and integration 755,
756
Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) 763
family dispute resolution 761
finance 751–2,
755,
763–7,
772
economic links with Muslim majority countries 765
Muslim Community Cooperative Australia (MCCA) 764
freedom of religion and worship 753
historical perspective 752–7
mediation and arbitration processes 769
non-English speaking background, people from 763
personal attitudes to Shari‘a law 756
transient population 752–3
White Australia policy 753–4
al-Awa, Muhammad Salim 797
Azami, Muhammad Mustafa 396,
411
Babur, First Mughal Emperor 494
Bellion-Jourdan, Jérôme 858
Beyazit II, Ottoman Sultan 553
Bousquet, Georges-Henri 877
Burujirdi, Seyyed Hossein 229
Cairo Declaration of Human Rights (CDHR) 823–4,
827,
830
caliphs
authority to formulate and apply the law, who had 417–18
Madinese caliphate, adjudication in 304–6
(p. 938)
Canada
Federal Interpretation Act 72
Islamic Institute of Civil Justice 702
myth that Shari‘a law had been banned 703
Cantwell Smith, Wilfred 114,
136
charismatic authority 109,
111
China, perceptions of law in 71–2
classical period 403–36
ijtihad, closing the gates of 423–5
maslaha (human interest) 427
papyri, examination of early 430
shi‘i law, emergence of a distinct 427–9
(p. 939)
colonialism
Dutch-colonial heritage 590
Patriarchal Islamic Legal Studies (PILS) 10,
25
constitutions 779–818
constitutionalist, whether Islamic law is 784–5
constitutional text, definition of 779
Constitution of Medina 790–1
early constitutional experiments, impact of 788–91
entrenchment of Islamic principles 781
microcosmic judicial ijtihad 793
official state religions 782–3
(p. 940)
purposive interpretation 786
siyasa shar‘iyya (governance) 786,
793
specialists in religion 805–9
state
religion, relations wuth 781–3
where debate takes place 811–13
wilayat al-faqih (rule by jurists) 800,
809–10
Coulson, Noel 183–4,
236–7,
251,
302–3,
306,
314,
406,
438,
441–2,
455,
555,
570–1,
785,
903–4
Crenshaw, Kimberlé 10,
25
criminal law see also punishment
domestic violence, criminalization of 37
Critical Legal Studies (CLS) 261
culture
American cultural anthropology 135
East African courts, studies of 137–8
(p. 941)
literature, emergence of legal 416
custom 231–48
Anglo-Muhammadan law 546–7
genres, development of legal 243,
246
inductive abstraction 241–3
juristic methods for construction of legal rules 233,
244
new classifications 231–2
official and explicit role 236
origins of Islamic law 233–5
pre-Islamic tradition 233–5
unofficial and implicit role 236
women/gender equality 547
Dar al-Zahra, Tarim, Yemen 20–1
DeLorenzo, Yusuf Talal 850
democracy
Islamicity, criteria for 564,
565
social movements, wave of 791
development and continuity, age of (12th-15th centuries) 437–57
courts and jurisdiction 449–55
custom and practice, displacement of Islamic legal thinking by 438
mashhur, definition of 443–4
mukhtasars, analysis of 441–4
practical administration of the law 438–9
schools of law (madhhabs) 438–44
d’Ohsson, Ignatius Mouradgea 542
domestic violence 33–40
Kuala Lumpur, survey in 37–9
living religion, Islam as a 35,
40
(p. 943)
Qur’an, interpretation of 33–40
structural patriarchy 38–9
Dow Jones Sharia Market Index 850
East African courts, studies of 137–8
Egypt
appeals to local governors, system of 361
Al-Azhar mosque-university 571–2
dar al-‘adl (Palace of Justice) 375
literature, emergence of legal 416
marriage
kafa’a (suitability or equality) 893
New Marriage Contract 902
Napoleonic Code with fiqh, comparison of 564
Nasser Social Bank (NSB) 848
New Marriage Contract 902
organ transplantation 144
savings and investment houses 848
scripturalist/positivist approach 572
Supreme Constitutional Court (SCC) 200,
793,
907
Emon, Anver M 63–4,
66–7,
189,
190–3,
195,
264–5,
602,
705,
786,
790–1,
829–30
essential doctrine test 545
al-Faisal, Muhammed, Prince 849
faith, performance of 17–22
falsafa (philosophy) 149–75
defence of philosophy 170
resurrection, belief in bodily 168
theology and philosophy, relationship between 150
Fatwas see also muftis
Cairo Geniza documents 452
laypersons, requests by 448
litigation, context of 448–9
notarial practice, guidance on 451–2
organ transplantation 144
(p. 946)
feminism 81–96
constructive approach to legal texts 82,
83–6
critique of legal discourse 81–96
Global Life Stories research project (Musawah) 96,
917
historically contextualizing legal discourse 82–3,
86–90
legal subjecthood and gender 90–5
lived experience, theorization of 96
sharia law in state law, demands for 82
Western universities 202–3
finance 843–60
Dallah al-Baraka Group 849
Dar al-Mal al-Islami (DMI) 849
Dow Jones Islamic Market Indices 850
economic rationality 855–7
financial instruments 843
free-market ideologies 843,
852
global financial markets 849–50
ijara (nominate contract form) 847
Islamic Development Bank (IDB) 849
law in Islamic finance 844–7
majority Muslim states 848
mirror, Islamic philanthropy as 857–8
mudaraba (partnership/financing) 846,
852–3
murabaha (sales contracts with mark–ups) 847,
851–3
musharaka (partnerships) 846,
852
(p. 947)
protection of property 852
research, future directions of 855–8
screening of products 850
security and policing 853–5
Shari‘a law, compliance with 850–1
fiqh (jurisprudence) 45–73
ideational site, fiqh as 71
Islamicity, criteria for 564
lacuna in the law, fiqh as 46–7,
56
legal reasoning, theories of 62–5,
71
marginalization of Islamic law 561
Napoleonic Code with fiqh, comparison of 564
research, considerations for future 71–3
(p. 948)
scripturalist/positivist approach 568–9
Foblets, Marie-Claire 906
Frederic II, Holy Roman Emperor 725
freedom of expression 826
freedom of religion 819,
826,
830–2
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 729,
738
thought, conscience and religion, freedom of 822
women/gender equality 837
Friedenreich, David 59–60
genres, development of legal 243,
246
Goldziher, Ignaz 108,
234,
246,
251–2,
275,
280–1,
393,
404–6,
410–11,
413,
874
Grady, Standish Grove 543
Guidance Financial Group 850
al-Hadi, Fourth Abbasid Caliph 372
hadith
development and continuity 441–2
isnads (chain of transmitters) 409–11
origins of Islamic law, debates on 414
source-critical approach 410
travelling traditions test 295–6
Hafiz al-Din ‘Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi 232
al-Ha’iri, Muhammad Husayn 226
Hallaq, Wael 55–6,
61–2,
123,
127,
185–8,
235,
237,
240–1,
244–5,
254–5,
260,
272–3,
281,
295,
303–4,
306,
316,
362,
374,
389–90,
408,
414,
416–17,
422,
424–5,
438–40,
444–5,
447–51,
529,
533,
547–8,
555,
560,
563,
574,
790–1,
798,
801–3,
886
Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman 393
Hanbali school
Qur’an and hadith, primacy of 421
al-Hilali, Taj al-Din 768
al-Hilli, Ni‘matullah 518
hisba (commanding right and forbidding wrong) 327–33
Hisham ibn ‘Abd al-Malik 307–8
historiography of Sunni usul al-fiqh 249–67
820-981 CE, legal methodology from 253–6,
266
10th-16th century, genre of usul al-fiqh from 257–65,
266
ahl al-ra’y and ahl al-hadith, synthesis between 254
classification of texts 257–60
communal living tradition 252–3
development of Islamic law 257
emergence of usul al-fiqh 250–6
fuqaha’, classification of 257–60
genre of usul al-fiqh, understanding 257–66
intellectual debates 263–5
justificatory, usul al-fiqh as 261–3
mutakallimun, classification of 257–60
post-Shafi‘i event, emergence of usul al-fiqh as a 253–6
al-Shafi‘i as founder of usul al-fiqh 251–6,
266
theological and juristic approaches, dichotomy between 257–60,
266
usul al-fiqh, definition of 249–50
Hohfeld, Wesley Newcomb 64
Hujjati, Baha’ al-Din 229
human rights 819–42 see also freedom of religion
Cairo Declaration of Human Rights (CDHR) 823–4,
827,
830
majority Muslim states 827
women/gender equality 824
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 653,
729,
738
freedom of expression 826
indivisibility of rights 822
International Bill of Human Rights 822,
824,
832
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 822,
832
International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 822,
832
maqasid-al-Shari‘a (goals and purposes of law) 828–30
Muslim reformist paradigm 820
state
conception of an Islamic state 827
critiques of the state 837–8
thought, conscience and religion, freedom of 822
treaties, adoption of 836
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 820–4,
832–3
(p. 953)
majority Muslim states, non-compliance by 823
thought, conscience and religion, freedom of 822
Humayun, Second Mughal Emperor 494–5
Ibn ‘Abd al-Salam al-Sulami 438,
440
Ibn al-Junayd al-Iskafi 214
Ibn al-Khatib, Lisan al-Din Ibn 452
idealized cosmology 76–7,