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(p. 1125) Subject Index
(p. 1125) Subject Index
4.2 ka event 33
Abensberg-Arnhofen 500
Abeurador 387
Abu Hureya 178
Åby 350
Acquaviva 699
acropolis-polis settlements 239
actinolite-hornblende schist rock type (AHS) 517
Adlestrop 1028
aDNA see ancient DNA
Aegina 648
aesthetics 160–2
agent-based modelling (ABM) 45
agriculture see farming
Ai Bunar 158
Aichbühl culture 997
Aichbühl 202
Ain Mallaha 178
Al Claus 703
Alcalar tombs 815
alcohol 609
Aldenhovener Platte 562
Alfriston 1031
Almazaraque 260
Almhov 353
Alpine
Alsónyék-Kanizsa-dűlő 929
ancestors 43, 167, 221, 276, 453, 463–4, 489, 652, 701, 703, 747, 831, 905, 908, 978, 987, 1009, 1011–12,1033–4, 1040, 1084–5
(p. 1126)
ancient DNA (aDNA) 142–3, 545, 547, 833, 1078–9
Iberia 224
south-east Europe, Chalcolithic 76
see also mtDNA
Anghelo Ruju 973–4
angle de chasse 484
animal husbandry see farming
animals
Baltic region 419–20
biographies 749–51
ceremonial consumption 754–5
classification 748–9
consumption changes 365–7
kept in caves 396
as motifs on amber 658
secondary produce (milk, wool, labour) 415
shell figurines 647–8
slaughtering 402
and social identity 751–5
and social status 745–56
south-eastern Europe 391–4
spatial division in settlements 302
subsistence practices with 389–90
Ukraine 416–19
Anta de la Marquesa 918
Anta Grande de Zambujeiro 814
Antequera 914–15
antler sleeves 415
Aosta 701
Apulian Tavoliere 185
archaeoastronomy 913–17
Arco 701
Arconciel/La Souche 197
Armeau 435
Arnesano 906
Arnhofen 504
arrowheads
south-east Europe 73
arsenic 717
artefacts 15–17
aesthetics 160–2
copper age 162
copying between communities 11
in lake settlements 300
value and social status 75
Ascott-under-Wychwood 372
Aşikili Höyük 674
Astuvansalmi 881
Aszód-Papi földek 929
Atting-Rinkam 275
availability phase 217
Avgi 929
awls 678
axes or axeheads 201–2
Britain 222–3
bronze 884
as carvings in rock art 873
flint 515–27
functions 522–5
hammer axes (Pločnik) 678–9
hoards 681
Ireland 223
jade 1095
metal 720
miniature 524
polishing 523
social identity 527
southern Scandinavia 217
types 679
BAC see Battle Axe culture
Backstone Beck 880
Badbury barrow 873
Baden 677
Baden-Württemberg 996–7
Baia Hamangia 158
Balaci 681
Balearic islands 185
Balkan-Anatolian cultural complex 542
(p. 1128)
Balkans 158, 161–2, 184, 197
colonization 1052–3
communities 166–9
burials 934–41
farming 184
figurines 624
households 164
routines 449–50
shell exchange networks 651
shells 648
social networks 170
tell settlements 246
Ballaharra 1032
Ballygalley 330
Ballyharry 128
Ballymacaldrack 595
Ballymacdermot 824
Barbotine pottery 540
Barca 929
Bardal 878
Barkaer 346
barley 122, 126, 294, 390, 391, 395, 420
hulled 204
in the Aegean region 122
in Ireland 128
naked 396
Barranc d’en Fabra 260
Barrow Hills 1031
Baume Ronze 387
Bautahøj 818
Bazoches 801
Beaker pottery see Bell Beaker pottery
beer 609
Beckton 333
Bečmen 681
Bedburg-Garsdorf 435
Beek-Kerkeveld 492
Beijing 777
Bejsebakken 612
Bélesta 387
Bell Beaker culture 719
expansion 1098–9
pottery see Bell Beaker pottery
rock art 882–3
settlements 612–13
Bell Beaker metal 717
Ben Lawers 880
Benta Valley 1104
Bergerac 488
Big Men societies 323
bioarchaeological evidence 411–12
Bischheim culture 201–2
Bjärstamon 350
Bjerggårde 806
Björnsholm 345
Blackpatch 500
blade cores 492
Blandebjerg 579
Blicquy culture 484
boats 41
Bocca Lorenza/Gurnitz 698
Bodrogkeresztúr complex 943
bog deposition 1017
bog surface wetness (BSW) 30–4
Boghead 335
Bogø 819
Bohemia 559
Bohemian cups 607
Boleráz-Cernavoda III 76
Bømlo/Hespriholmen 522
bones see individual species (e.g. human bones); see also skulls
Bonu Ighinu culture 972
Borgeby 1013
bornite 703
Bosnia 72–3
Bouco-Payrol 703
boulders, rock art 865
bovids see cattle
Boyne Valley 877
Bozejewice 276
bracers 611
Breitenloo 292
Britain 222–3
anthropomorphic art 1038–9
axehead deposition 525–6
bracers (wristguards) 611
copper 717
dairying 441–2
deforestation 38
diet 40
fluvial activity 38
long barrows 464
passage graves 472
petrology 516–17
plants 440–1
tin ore 712
villages 334
Brittany
long mounds 815
Mesolithic burials in shell middens 221
monument complexes 43
passage graves 815
statue-menhirs 1038
stone rows 828
tombs 221
Brixlegg 201
Brockley 522
Brodzany-Nitra phase 943
Broom Heath 736–7
Brunn am Gebirge-Wolfholz 556
Brunn-Wolfholz 278
Brześć Kujawski 640
Bulgaria 161, 391, 1076, 1103
crops 390–1
figurines 622
house models 629
spondylus shell ornaments 646–7
tells 237
Burgäschi/Ost 292
burials 337–9, 1084–5
Atlantic France 221–2
Britain 223
of cremated remains 92, 216, 350, 464, 465, 610, 799, 900, 934, 938, 944, 991, 1015, 1027–8, 1029
Scandinavia 1015
single burial deposits 1032
fragmentation 991–4
grave goods see grave goods
Greece 258
Iberian peninsula 972–9
integrity of bodies 1023
LBK 988–94
Lengyel culture 201
Levant region 263
Low Countries 220
Maltese islands 970–1
Mediterranean 181–2
Michelsberg culture 202
in mines 1036
north western Europe 1023–41
northern Europe 1005–19
personhood 988–1000
presentation of bodies 1023–4
rock art in 883
Sardinia and Corsica 971–2
south eastern Europe 927–48
southern Scandinavia 216–17
wagons in 113
in wetlands 1017
Bury Hill 797
Buxheim 767
Buz-ki site 204
Cabeço da Arruda 814
Cabrières 704
Caldeirão 975
Callis Wold 1031
Camp-à-Cayaux 505
Campo Lameiro 849
Camster Long Cairn 338
Camunnian style of rock art 858
Can Hassan copper 674
Cana Barn 475
Capo Alfiere 787
Carinated Bowl 335 see also pottery, early Neolithic bowls (Britain), first Neolithic bowls (Britain)
Carizüela 975
Carpathian Starčevo culture 556
cassiterite see tin ore
Catalka 675
Catalunya 260
Catignano 963
cattle 372, 413–14
bucrania 755
ceremonial consumption 754
increased importance 1076
in lake-settlements 294
lifestyles 750
Linearbandkeramik (LBK) 1058
and social identity 752–4
Caven 863
Çayönü Tepesi 674
cemeteries 168, 491, 641–2, 934–5, 680–1, 685, 941, 945, 929, 939, 989, 994, 996, 999, 1024–6, 1032, 1060, 1061, 1085, 1105
Cenad 929
cenotaphs 941
central Europe 6, 1053–4
agriculture 197–201
enclosures 763–77
extent 196
mobility 99–115
subsistence practices 412–16
centralized complexity 1095
ceramic design 72–3
Cerro Virtud 694
chaîne opératoire 641
Chalcolithic see Copper Age
Chalk Hill 372
chambered tombs 18, 814–28, 830–3
art see megalithic art
Bell Beakers at 611–12
Clyde cairns 824
forecourts 824
Hebridean 824
Iberian 829
rock-cut tombs see rock-cut tombs
megalithic tombs 182, 221–2, 224, 338, 694, 814–5, 817–28, 875, 972, 976–7, 1006–8, 1084–5
acoustic effects 828
closing or destruction (condemnation) 1034
passage graves see passage graves
portal dolmens see portal dolmens
wooden mortuary structures preceding 822
chambers, mining 504
Champ Châlon 1027
Chara 1 623
Chasséen South 803
Chaves 387
Chiozza da Scandiano 961
chisels, metal 675
chronology of the Neolithic 4–6
Church Hill 500
Ciclame 387
Ciclami 400
Ciempozuelos style 607
circular enclosures 104–6
Cissbury 500
city-states 1099–100
Clacton 732
clay preparation 560
clay working 591–3
clearance 43
cleaving 521
‘climax period’ (Chalcolithic/late Neolithic) 158, 159, 160, 161–2, 170
burial practices 168
settlements 167
clothing 721
Clyde cairns 824
Ćmielow settlement 490
Coldrum 1028
Collared Bowls 589
Colline Metallifere 702
Comunidad Valenciana 696
Connemara 124
construction materials 764
Contrada Casone 783
copper
connection with amber 665–6
Italian Peninsula 697–702
jewellery 934
origins 674–5
socioeconomics 696–7
in southern Scandinavia 217
Copper Age/Chalcolithic 73–6, 158, 675–6
communities 166–9
early 677
early to middle, burial practices 939–48
households 163–6
Iberian peninsula 694
Italian peninsula 699–702
late 678
personhood 159–62
rock art 881
social networks 169–71
copper daggers 486–7
copper extraction 716
copper production 695–6
copper smelting 716
Corbally 464
Cortaillod 699
Coţofeni 680
Cova de la Sarsa 387
Cova Fosca 387
Crannon 626
Criş culture see Starčevo–Körös–Criş complex
Croz del Cius 702
Csáford 681
Cuartillas 260
Cueva de Romeral 814
Cugnaux 804
cult houses 352
cultigens 125–7
cultural change 10
cultural identity see identity
Cyclops cave 386
Cys-La-Commune 640
Dagstorp-type houses 347
Dalladies 880
Dalmatia, animal husbandry 397
Danilo culture 556
Danube basin 197
Danube Gorges 539
Danube valley 412–13
Danubian cultures 279
Danubian see Linearbandkeramik
Darion site 219
data, treatment of 773–5
decoration
on amber 658
copper powder 674
megalithic art 829–30
on figurines 628
on passage tombs 875
rock art see rock art
schematic art 843–6
techniques 560
wall paintings 904–5
deer
Déhus 1036–8
Den of Boddam 500
dendrochronology 299
Denmark
Bell Beaker settlements 612
flat graves 1014
foraging to farming 150
houses 346–8
megalithic tombs 1007–8
see also Scandinavia, southern
Derenburg 372–3
Deszk-Olajkút 929
diffusion and population growth 139–40
Dimitra 642
Dispilio 642
dissolution of bodies 991–4
ditches 731, 781–91
burial practices 782
circular (Kreisgrabenanlagen) 766
combined with wall constructions 770
entrances 770
functions 775–6
see also enclosures
Dolmen de Coutignargues 921
Dolmen de Matarrubilla 916
Dolmen de Menga 914–15
Dolní Vĕstonice 543
Dolnoslav-type personhood 160
Dombate 815
domestication see farming
domestic space 315
Anatolia 261–2
Cyprus 263–5
design 336–7
Greece 257–259
Iberia 260
and identity 265–6
Italy 259–60
Levant region 262–3
Mediterranean region 256–66
religious iconography 470
social lives 449–57
societal norms 309–10
see also houses
doorways 336
Dourgne 387
Drenthe 527
Dresden-Prohlis 556
Drumirril 880
Dudeşti 929
Dudeşti-Boian culture 934
Duggleby Howe 1031–2
Dullenried 295
Dürrnberg 206
Early Holocene (c. 10000–6000 bc), Mediterranean region 177
early Neolithic (EN) 4, 5
animals 122–131, 218, 386–98, 400, 413, 415, 419, 434–42, 546, 746, 747, 750, 754, 1057–9, 1075–7, 1081
mortuary practices 223, 339, 658, 898, 900, 930–933, 960–1, 975, 981, 988–94, 1007, 1015, 1017, 1024–28, 1031, 1033–36, 1084–5
pottery 537, 575–8 see also Barbotine, Cardial; Early Northern Comb Ware; Fuchsberg; Körös; La Hougette; Limburg; Linearbandkeramik, pottery; pottery, Agean region, Monochrome, painted pottery; pottery, early Neolithic bowls (Britain); pottery, first Neolithic bowls (Britain); pottery, Funnel Beaker (TRB); pottery, Impressed Ware; Stengarde/Satrup; Svalekint; Virum; Volling; Wangels/Flintbek
religion 463–4
sea levels 42
eastern Europe 6
extent 196
pottery 203–6
spread of agriculture 99–115
see also Bug-Dniester/Cris; Cardial; Early Northern Comb Ware; Funnel Beaker (TRB); Impressa; Karanovo I–II; Körös culture; La Hougette; Limburg; Linearbandkeramik; Starčevo–Körös–Criş culture
Eaton Heath 737
Echiré 1035
eclogite 201–2
egalitarian societies 317–22
Egolzwil 3 292
Ehrenstein 301
Eilean Domhnuill 334
Eilsleben 435
El Mirón 387
El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 28
elm decline event 35
Elsloo, Limburg 312
Emmeln 713
Emmeln-2 714
Emmeloord 612
(p. 1137)
emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum dicoccum) 122, 126, 199, 204, 294, 391, 396, 414, 420
deposition in ditches 807
in Ireland 128
movement to Britain 127
Emmersdorf 640
enclosures 766, 1085–7
Central Europe 763–77
central Italy 787–8
ditches 781–91
entrances 770
functions 775–7
henge enclosures see henges
human remains in 804–6
pottery deposition 584
southern Italy 784–7
Tavoliere enclosures 781–4
see also settlements
Enderupskov 352
Eneolithic see Copper Age/Chalcolithic
energy requirements 430
Enkingen 281
Ensisheim 373
entrances 336
environmental change 45–6
environmental modelling 44–5
Epilengyel 107
Ercsi hoard 681
Erdwerk (earthwork) see enclosures
Erglodd 716
Ertebølle pottery 573–4
Escoural 814
Essenbach 563
Estonia 420
ethnicity 11
Eton Rowing Course 335
Eweford 1083
exchange networks
flint 502
exogamy 70
extramural cemeteries 934
Fågelbacken 1015
Fakkemose 1013
Familiar, Foreign and Other 157
family barrows 1101
farming
adaptation to new environments 129
exchange networks 650
herding 14, 66, 71, 76, 88, 92, 178, 197, 279, 389, 391, 394, 396, 401, 752, 1055 see also farming, pastoralism
intensive vs. extensive 389
lakeside settlements, Circum Alpine region 294
manuring 364
pastoralism 185, 186, 197, 394, 467, 677, 849, 959, 960, 1081, 1097, 1100–1 see also farming, herding
personhood 159–60
regions
Baltic region 420
Crete 88
Cyprus 82–4
Mediterranean 177–8
southern Europe 401
south western Europe 394–400
skills 159–62
Fatjanovo culture see Corded Ware culture
feasting 167, 186, 188, 220, 222, 402, 440, 441, 456, 457, 466, 469, 472, 566, 644, 754–5, 831, 906, 1058, 1076
Federsee bog 109
females
in burials 115, 221, 455, 491, 510, 610–1, 658, 701, 784, 831, 841, 858, 867, 902, 935–44, 946, 962, 990–1, 1031, 1101
diet 373
as potters 562
mobility 539
quarrying 510
representations of 160, 539, 701, 841, 858, 860, 866, 867, 905, 964, 966, 971, 972, 976, 980, 1037 see also anthropomorphic art, breasts,
see also sexual differentiation
fences see palisades
Fertile Crescent 674
figurines 647–8, 776, 980–1
anthropomorphic 993
deposition 627
detail on 629–30
in enclosure ditches 776
around graves 1036–8
idols 977–8
materials 630
pottery 536–7
Sardinia 972–3
varieties 622–30
Filitosa 972
fire-pits 337
firesetting 703
fish 40, 178, 204, 413, 419, 439, 452, 746, 753, 787, 1074
scales as temper in pottery 536
shift away from in diet 365–6
symbolic significance 752
fishing 40, 186, 197, 386, 413, 416, 419, 420, 644
lake settlements 294
persistence during Cardial period 185
flanking pits (LBK) see loam pits
flat axes 699
flat graves (TRB) 1013–15
flint mines 184, 202, 222–3, 499–503, 521, 1083
chronology 508–9
scale 510
social structures 510–11
techniques 503–8
flint working 721
Flomborn pottery 559
flooding 42
floodplains 38–40
fluvial activity 35–40
Foggia Plain/Tavoliere 779
folk taxonomies of animals 748–9
Fonelas 695
Font Juvénal 387
Fontanarosa Uliveto 784
Fontbrégoua 387
Fontvielle 921–2
food 13, 178
animals 435
bread 159
consumption in caves 902
flour 159
meat 204
production see farming
taboos 752
Fore group 748–9
forest-steppes 196
Fornacce Cappuccini 788
Fort Harrouard 1036
Fosie IV 354
Fourknocks 1029
fowling 413
Fräkenrönningen 350–1
Frälsegården 1009–11
Freston 799
Friebritz 769
frontier model 542
Fuchsberg 577–8
Fucino lake basin 898–900
Fundeni 683
Fundeni-Lungoci 681
Funnel Beaker culture see TRB
Gachnang-Niederwil 298
Gádor, Loma de Huéchar 695
Galabnik 649
Galatin 246
Galician-Atlantic rock art 848–9
gallery graves (southern Scandinavia) 1007
Gammellung 1017
Garboldisham 881
Gavrinis 221
Geleen-Janskamperveld 282
gender differentiation see sexual differentiation
geochemical analyses 516–17
Germany
amphibolite axeheads 517
Bell Beaker presence 606–7
Corded Ware culture 114
copper tools 698
domestication of cattle 122–3
enclosure ditch shape 799
foraging to farming 150
long barrows 833
mortuary practices 989–99
Neolithization 102
pottery (northern Germany) 575–82
pig husbandry 124
wild resources 439
Giant’s Hills 1031
Giurgiulesti 683
Gläntan 352
Global Lake Level Database 29
Göbekli Tepe 180
Göhlitzch grave 883
goldworking 162
Goodland 597
Gorzsa 158
Goseck 105
Gotland Island 439
Gozo 970–1
Graiglwyd 517
grave goods 563, 699, 702, 927, 1026
Carpathian Basin 942–3
copper beads 941
copper daggers and axe 702
early to middle Neolithic 931
Eastern Balkans, Copper Age 939–41
with female adults (predominantly) 942
flint arrowheads 702
Gaudo culture 702
hunting trophies 753–4
idols 977–8
inherited social status 1060
in Italy 961
kurgan burials 1100
long dolmen at Bogø 819
Maltese rock-cut tombs 970
metal 681–5
in the Mediterranean 182
personhood and identity 990–1
‘pit grave’ culture 976
placement around body 937
Remedello 962
Rinaldone 702
at Salzmünde 998
single grave burials (Britain) 1085
stone plaques 939
specialist 1100
Swifterbant 220
tholos tombs 977
waisted axes 468
weapons 977
Gravon 799
Great Hungarian Plain 245
Great Men societies 323
Greece 392
Copper Age 675
crops 390
environments 177
feasting 456
gardens and houses 456
grazing livestock 393
‘meat’ culling of sheep 393
ploughing 393
pressure flaking 485
shell exchange networks 651
Greifensee-Böschen 299
Grisy 804
Grivac 158
Grödbygård 349
Grooved Ware pottery 589–90, 598–9, 731, 734
houses associated with 331–2
‘package’ 472
in henge ditches 1035
at palisaded enclosures 1086
associated with rock art panels 880
Grotta dell’Uzzo 387
Grotta della Madonna 387
Grotta della Monaca 698
Grotta della Zinzulusa 902
Grotta delle Venere 902
Grotta di Cala Colombo 905
Grotta Rifugio di Olieni 971
Grotta Sant’Angleo 897–8
Grotta Santa Maria 902
Grotte Gazel 387
Grotto del Cavallo 387
Guernsey 1036–8
Gwernvale 595–6
haematite 721
hair-rings 678
Hajdučka Vodenica 931–2
Halaf culture 263
Halberstadt 372–3
Hall Farm Reservoir 737
Hamangia-type personhood 160
hammer axes 678–9
hammering 521
Hammer 885
Hanau-Klein-Auheim 280
Hanstedgård 439
haplogroups 542–5
Hardinxveld 367–8
Hauslabjoch Iceman see Ötzi the Iceman
Hauslabjoch pass 701
Hazendonk group 220
Hebridean Wares 589
Heidelberg-Handschuhsheim 997
Heilbronn-Klingenberg see Klingenberg
Helgoland 522
Hemmed 352
Hencida hoard 681
Hienheim 435
high altitudes environments 43–4
Hitra 883
Hitzkirch-Seematt 292
Hjelle 439
Hjelmars Rör 3 665
Hoca Çeşme 261
Hochdorf-Baldegg 292
Hockwold-cum-Wilton 333
Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa II 929
Hódmezővásárhely-Kökénydomb 929
Hódmezővásárhely-Kopáncs 929
Hoëdic 221
Hohlestein 206
Hohlenstein-Stadel cave 997
Holland see Netherlands
Holm of Papa Westray North 365
Holoka 767
Holzmaar 29
Homolka 768
Hornstaad 202
differences between neighbouring households 263, 283, 297, 315, 488, 489, 490, 559, 567, 685, 1057
pottery breakage 737
shifting 67
houses 12–14, 66, 1055–6
Anatolia 261–2
Bell Beaker 612
design 336–7
emergence 1055–7
Greece 257–259
Iberia 260
Levant 262–3
lifespan 299–300
Linearbandkeramik (LBK) longhouses 273–8, 311–14, 320–2
front sections 314–15
central sections, 315
origins 275
rear sections 316
variation and change 320–1
Rössen 201
social behaviour 455–7
societal norms 309–10
southern Scandinavia 345–55
standardization 163–4
Hov 500
human representations see anthropomorphic art
hunter-gatherer-fishers
hunter-gatherers 41, 101, 102, 107, 123, 203–4, 260, 294, 316, 430, 441, 900, 1051–2, 1077–9, 1081–2 see also Mesolithic; Neolithization
Natufian 178
sacred animals 747
hunting 14, 43, 68, 69, 81, 82, 84, 92, 93, 94, 123, 184, 185, 204, 218, 261, 279, 294, 302, 355, 386, 392, 398, 401, 402, 413, 414, 415, 419, 420, 746, 1026, 1078
beliefs concerning 747
husbandry see farming
Hutton Moor 475
Hygind 806
Hypogeum of Hal Saflieni 970
identity 11–12, 187, 188, 979, 1083
and animals 751–5
and funerary practices 19, 164, 260, 612, 614, 831, 932, 935, 937, 980–1 990–1, 994, 996, 1012, 1018, 1023, 1026
and mines 500
and weapons see warriors
Ile Longue 1036
Ilıpınar 929
Impresso or Impressed Ware
origins 89
see also Cardial
Inden 1 769
indirect percussion 487–8
Ippesheim 105–6
Irchonwelz 281
Ireland 223–4
causewayed enclosures 223
chambered tombs 822–5
houses 329–34
plants 440–1
pottery 586–99
red deer, introduction 751
tin ore 712
villages 334
Irish Stone Axe Project (ISAP) 517
Irlbach 557
Italian Peninsula, metals 697–702
Italy 398
burial practices 960–9
domestic space 259–60
enclosures 779–90
flint blades 486
flint mines 502
lake levels 29
Neolithization 93–4
pottery 90–2
quarries 524
Jericho 139
jet 718
(p. 1146)
jewellery 677, 678
evidence of personhood 990–1
gold and silver 682
see also personal ornaments
Jistebsko 517
Jonquières 805
Junacite 929
Jungfernhöhle cave 563
Kamegg 769
Karanovo
Karsdorf 372–3
Kastri 648
Keszthely pottery 559
Khiamian 81
Killeaba 1032
Killin 522
Kivik 883
Knappers (site) 880
Knowe of Yarso 1027
knowledge 75, 92, 219, 317, 449, 454, 467, 476, 503, 507, 590, 642, 650, 828, 1012, 1078, 1094, 1105
reproduction of 964
ritual 1060
Kojadermen-Gumelniţa-Karanovo culture see Kodžadermen- Gumelniţa-Karanovo culture
Kolomyïshchina II 419
König Surbold 820
Kornsjövägen 350
Körös culture 5, 120, 158, 391, 413, 418, 455, 545, 546, 746, 931, 1052, 1053, 1056 see also Starčevo–Körös–Criş complex
Kozludža 649
Krasnoye Selo 500
Krems-Wachtberg 543
Kretuonas 420
Krumlovský les 500
Künzing-Bruck 767
Kutná Hora 768
Kvarnby-S. Sallerup 500
Kyndeløse 1011
La Cabanne des Clausis 703
La Chasse 797
La Coterelle 799
La Creusette hoard 490
Landbogården 1009–11
landscape
miniaturized 624
monumental/monuments in 19, 43, 168, 221, 346, 465, 474, 509, 822, 831, 832, 847, 906, 918, 962, 977, 981
natural 816
sacred 465
Landshut-Sallmannsberg 282
Langelandsvej-Starup 802
(p. 1148)
late Neolithic 4, 5
La Vela 788
LBK see Linearbandkeramik
Le Câtel menhir 1037
Le Manio 815
Le Petit-Chasseur 611
Le Pinacle 522
Leirfall 882
Lengyel culture 5, 71, 107, 201, 243, 274, 276, 278, 281, 284, 311, 321, 414, 574, 576, 766, 772, 774, 928, 930, 935, 936, 937, 943, 1059, 1060 see also Epilengyel; Protolengyel
pottery 200
Lepenski Vir 37, 158, 163, 169, 241, 242, 362, 386, 392, 412, 537, 539, 650, 752, 929, 930–3, 941, 948
spread of Neolithic from 84–7
levigation 591
Lhéry 488
Lindebjerg 1013
Linear Pottery culture see Linearbandkeramik
Linearbandkeramik (LBK) 5, 99–104, 199–201, 219, 296, 412, 429, 546, 677 see also Alföld Linear Pottery culture
boundaries 87
homogeneity 320–2
households 278–81
hunting 746
longhouses see houses
shell ornaments 641–52
Linkardstown tombs 1028
Linköping 352
Locmariaquer 126
loess 764
Lohals 1013
Loma de Belmonte 695
Loma de Huéchar 695
Loma de la Rambla de Huéchar 695
Lugo di Grezzana 790
lunette entrance 785
lunulae 715
Macedonia (FYROM) see FYROM
Macroschematic art 845–6
Madžari 626
Magoula Koutsouro 623
Makri 257–9
Malăk Preslavec 929
males
Malone 526
Małopolska 414
Marievka 418
Marin 299
marine environment 40–3
maritime contacts, Bronze Age 1104–7
Marne hypogea 1037
Maroslele-Pana 929
marriage
Masseria Centonze 784
Masseria Fragennaro 785
Masseria Giuffreda 781
Masseria La Lamia 781
Masseria Monte Aquilone 783
Matrensa 785
Maumbury Rings 1035
Maydanetskoe 419
megalithic yard 911
Megara Iblea 785
Meisternthal 105
men see males
Menteş 929
Mersin-Yumuktepe 674
Merzbachtal see Merzbach valley
(p. 1151)
Mesolithic
Mesolithic–Neolithic transition see Neolithization
middle Neolithic
religion 465–9
see also Battle-Axe culture; Grossgartach culture; Hinkelstein culture; Rössen culture, Stichbandkeramik culture; Pitted Ware culture
Miel 767
see also mobility
milk consumption 389–90, 400–1, 415, 433–4, 545–6 see also dairying; lactose tolerance; lactase persistence
Millan(d) 702
mires, raised 29–34
Miskovice 312
mitochondrial DNA see MtDNA
Mittelelbe-Saale area, burial practices 998–9
Mjeltehaugen slabs 883–4
Moigrád hoard 681–2
Mojácar 695
Molenaarsgraf 612
Monkton-up-Wimborne 1035
Mont Viso 522
Monte Rocca 790
Montefrío 920–1
Montesei di Serso 702
Monti Lessini 184
monuments 17–19, 1085–7
see also dolmens; enclosures; henges; long barrows; megaliths; passage graves; post circles; statue-stelae; stone circles
Mórágy-Tűzkődomb 929
mortuary practices 19–20, 223, 258, 263, 907, 927–1041,
burial of the dead see burials
copper age 167–9
display of shell ornaments 651
dispersal of remains 1035–6
scattered remains 1017
Mossby 346–7
Motagan I 799
Motzenstein 563
Munkwolstrup 818
Murgia Timone 785
Myrebjerg mose 1017
Myrrini 626
Nämforsen waterfall 878–9
Nebelivka 419
neck rings 677
Nether Largie Mid and North 873
Nethercourt Farm 1031
Netherlands see Low Countries
Newton Kyme 475
Niuet 387
Nobbin 827
north-western and northern Europe
amber 657–68
climate and environment 32–4
enclosures 797–804
metal 711–22
climate 29
economy 186
emergence of pottery 183
Norway see Scandinavia
Noyen culture 795
Nunwick 475
oats 420
Ober-Meilen 292
Oberschneiding-Riedling 767
Obertraubling-Oberhinkofen 767
ochre
Ogmore-by-Sea 596–7
Ogna 883
Ökologiekreis hypothesis 102
Oleneostroviskii Mogilnik 419
Or 397
Orgon 703
Ormaig 873
Oro cult (Polynesia) 474
Orsett 799
Osimo-Anvoìa 966
Oslo fjord 218
Packwerkbauten 298
painted pottery
see also Moravian Painted Ware
Pala Pinta 844
Panaghia 648
parasites, movement of 130
Parknabinnia 1027
Paros 648
passage graves
passage tombs see passage graves
Passy long mounds 1024–6
Pavlov I 543
pecking 521
Pen Haut Salaün 220
Pendik 261
Pen-y-wyrlod 371
personhood 987–8
petrology 515–7
Peu-Richard enclosure 795
Pfahlbauproblem (pile-dwelling dispute) 291–3
pigs 122, 753
avoidance of 749
human food competition 316
introduction to Britain 127
as sign of wealth 751
see also wild boar
Piledal-type houses 354–5
Pipton 371
pit dwellings see pit houses
pit grave culture (Catalonia) 975–6
Pit Grave culture/Yamnaya culture see Yamnaya culture