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(p. 717) Index
(p. 717) Index
ABCDE model 355
abstract strategies 150
acceptance and commitment therapy 469–70
acculturation and adaptation by overseas Chinese 657–72
adaptation of elderly immigrants 671–2
adaptation over time 668
bi-dimensional models of acculturation 658–9
categorical models of acculturation 659–61
conceptualization and measurement of acculturation 659
cultural competence 667–8
family harmony and filial piety 669
family relations and cross-cultural transition 670
individuals and families 668
intergenerational conflicts 670–1
personal situational factors 666–7
preferences and practices of acculturation 659–61
social support 665–6
stress and coping 663–8
uni-dimensional models of acculturation 658
Action Learning Project 180
activated effect (excitement) 209
adjustment, psychological 226–7
Adolescent Values Project 254
adopted children from Chinese-speaking to English-speaking 132
Adult Sources of Self-esteem Inventory 282
advanced style of leadership 609
adversity framework 649–50
affective disturbance 44–5
Affective Picture System, Chinese 212
affective ties 587
Affect Scale, Chinese 207
Affect Valuation Index scales 209
age of language acquisition 77
aging 309–23
cross-cultural differences 313–20
different directions of development across cultures 318–20
same processes, different manifestations 313–16
same processes, different outcomes 316–18
future directions 320–2
processes showing few differences across cultures 310–13
All-China Women's Federation 573
Alzheimer's Disease Behavioral Pathology Rating Scale (Hong Kong version) 387
analogy 110
anorexia nervosa (yan shi zheng) 372
Anti-rightist (Criticism) Movement 11
aphasia 125
Asian Barometer project 564
ASPM (abnormal spindle microcephaly associated) gene 34
assessment:
batteries 115–16
instrumentation for clinical neuropsychology 386–9
and reading disability 117
astrology 460
‘astronaut families’ 670
asymmetry model 127
attachment styles 281
attribute causality 684
attributes, individual 705–6
attribution:
differential 683–5
and motivation and achievement 193–4
styles 157–8
theory of motivation (Weiner) 193
auditory processing and language 633–5
authoritativeness see parental authoritarianism and authorativeness
authority 570–1
Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised 390
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule 390
autism spectrum disorders in children 389–90
autobiographical memory 214–15
autonomy 58, 62–3
encouragement 46
granting 55
inclusive 198
individual 684
individual relative 198
perceived 192
support 60–1
backchannel response 689
Back Pain Locus of Control Scale 227
bad habits 488
Bai Hua movement 9
bamboo stick interpretation (chien wen) 460
baseball 647
Beck Depression Inventory 422
Beck Hopelessness Scale 352
beliefs 197, 221–35
about morality and social influence 235
about uncertain events 232–3
in change 160–3
didactic/reproductive 175
facilitative/transformative 175
health 233–4
and morality 235
and mortality 233
and power distance 232
reciprocity and retribution 234
religios ity 233
retribution 234
typology 221
Bem Sex Role Inventory 302
benevolent authority see social identity and inter-group relations: benevolent authority
benevolent leadership 602
bilingualism/bilingual 123–39
Chinese-English bilingual acquisition in childhood 71, 124, 125–7, 128–32
early studies 129
in Hong Kong 130–2
immigrant and adopted children 132
in Singapore 129–30
and cognition 124–5
language acquisition 76–9
lexical development 72
lexical representation 87
memory research 77
processing 77
Blessed Dementia Scale 392
Blessed-Roth Dementia Scale, Chinese 392
borderline intelligence 113
borderline personality disorder 368
Buddhist philosophy 164–5, 700
environmental beliefs 232
face and morality 487
illness behaviors 428
inter-cultural interactions 685
psychiatric disorders 375
social beliefs 234
Tao of coping 400
California Verbal Learning Test 389
candidate gene approach 34
‘Career Interest Inventory’ 259
Category Fluency Test (Chinese version) 388
chaos, fear of (luan) 572
character (of a person) 606
charismatic leadership 606–7
Child Behavior Checklist 369
Child Development Fund 450–1
Childhood Autism Rating Scale 390
Children's Depression Inventory 422
Children's Hope Scale 352
Chinese Board of Neuropsychology 386
Chinese Citizen's Human Qualities Questionnaire 254
Chinese Communist Youth League 573–4
Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure 251
Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory 295–306, 701, 705
applications 302–4
clinical validity 303–4
development of indigenous personality measures 297–8
indigenous to cross-cultural personality 304–5
test translation and adaptation 295–7
Chinese Psychology Society 11
Chinese state 20–1
Christianity 490
civic associations 573–4
class-ambiguous (dual membership) words 81–2
classifiers 633
classroom instruction, coherent 150–1
classroom size 188
clauses, full 135
Clinical Memory Test 389
clinical neuropsychology 383–94
assessment instrumentation 386–9
autism spectrum disorders in children 389–90
Chinese medical approach 392–4
clinical training and certification 386
dementia in the elderly 391–2
historical background for mainland China 384–5
Hong Kong 385
Pan-Chinese integration 385–6
Taiwan 385
temporal lobe damage in adults 390–1
Clock Drawing Test 392
code mixing 134–5
coercion 60
cognitive constructivism 179–80
cognitive and neuro-cognitive processing 123–8
bilingual verbal memory 126–7
Chinese bilingualism and cognition 124–5
cross-language transfer 127–8
morphology 124
separate-system view 126
syllables 123
tones 123–4
unitary view 125–6
writing 124
cognitive processsing resources, narrowing of 648
cognitive psychology 15
cognitive qualities 644
collaborative/guided learning 38
Collective-Oriented (group-references and values-based factors) components 664
collectivism/collectivist 500–1
and contemporary cultural theories 410–11
cultural value 682
horizontal 627
inter-cultural interactions 689–90
psychotherapy 462–3
as relational orientation not category based difference 581
seller 691
in traditional societies 409–10
colonialism 7
communal approach 495
Community Investment and Inclusion Fund 448–9
community psychology 441–54
central values and principles 443
Chinese mainland 447–8
in Chinese societies 446
collaboration 444–5
definition 441–3
diversity and participation 444
justice 445
large-scale government-designated funds 448–50
power and empowerment 443–4
re-aligning development of in Chinese societies 451–2
Sichuan earthquake (2008) 445–6
synergy between government funds: Child Development Fund 450–1
compliance 604
Components of Individualism and Collectivism 248
Components of Social Organization 248
Composite International Diagnostic Interview 423
computational studies see language and the brain
Computerized Neurobehavioral Test System, Chinese 388
concept mediation 126
Concepts of Forgiveness Scale, Chinese 351
Conceptual Forgiveness Questions 351
concrete representations 147–8
conflation 245
Conflict Avoidance Index 572
conformity 289
Confucian authoritarianism 609
Confucian authoritative leadership 613
Confucian philosophy 21, 164, 700–1, 703
environmental beliefs 232
morality and social influence beliefs 235
parenting and child socialization 63
psychiatric disorders 377
and psychotherapy 458–9
social beliefs 234
socio-emotional development in children 41
connectionist model of character acquisition 79
connotative meaning 633
consciousness 10–11
constructive controversy 611
Constructivism 179–80
consumer behavior: effects of content, process and language 494–5, 623–36
content effects: dimensions of cultural variation 623–30
collectivism-individualism and interdependence-independence 625–7
power distance and verticality 627–8
prevention and promotion orientation 628–30
language effects 632–6
auditory versus visual processing 633–5
categorization and perception 632–3
normative principles of communication 635–6
processing differences 630–2
context-free grammar model 136
context, influence of upon learning approaches 173–4
contextual features of information 630–1
conventional strategies 150
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) 536
conversational style 505–6
cooperation and competition 37, 499–511
conventional strategies 150
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) 536
conversational style 505–6
Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory 282
coordination 703
COPE 664
core reading curriculum 117
corporate communication 250
cortical competition during language discrimination 83–5
cortisol reactivity 40
country-of-origin information 632
CPIL scores 345
critical constructivist learning 180
Cross-cultural (Chinese) Personality Assessment
Interpersonal Relatedness 299
cross-cultural communication and negotiation 688–91
Cross-cultural Coping Scale with Individual-Oriented (problem focused and avoidance factors) components 664
cross-language picture-word interference task 125
cross-language transfer 127–8
cross-linguistic differences in lexical development 74–6
Cultivating (teaching strategy) 177
cultural competence 667–8
cultural contamination and erosion, fear of 25–6
cultural context 37
cultural contexts of students' achievements in mathematics 148–52
cultural dimensions 690
cultural distance, real and perceived 666
cultural diversity 692
cultural fit hypothesis 263–4
cultural fusion 594
culturalist claim and political psychology 570–2
cultural lay beliefs and help seeking 428–30
cultural learning 322
cultural psychology 32
cultural psychology and contemporary
communication 555–61
bianzheng (dialectic way of thinking) 558
dao (the Way) 556–7
jindaishi 560–1
quanwei (authority-minded way of thinking) 559–60
tianren heyi (interrelationship and harmony) 557
zhijue (experience-based form of thinking) 559
zhongyong (middle way) 558–9
Cultural Revolution 11
cultural values see cultural norms and values
cutaneous stimulation 392–3
Dan Tian breathing 393
dao (the Way) 556–7
deactivated effect (calmness) 209
Death Anxiety Scale 347
Death Attitudes Profile, Revised 346
Death Fantasy Scale, Revised 346
defensiveness 302
definition of Chinese psychology 6–7
Dejian mind-body intervention 393
dementia in the elderly 391–2
Dementia Rating Scale 392
democracy in Taiwan 574–5
Democratic Progressive Party 575
developmental coordination disorder 113
developmental dyslexia see reading disability
developmental psychology 11
Diagnostic Interview Schedule 422
dialectical behavior therapy 469–70
dialectical materialism 10
dialogic reading technique 99–100
didactic/reproductive beliefs 175
differential attributions 683–5
Diffuse profile 660
direct derivation 110
directive teaching 151
direct teaching 146
disclosure of private matters 488
discounting 318
discourses, extended 146–7
disposition effect 161
disruption see aggression-disruption
distinctiveness of Chinese psychology 699–707
attributes, individual 705–6
goals, achievement of 703–5
harmony 702–3
indigenous Chinese phenomena 700–1
preliminary issues 699–700
values and beliefs in collectivist cultures 701
distinctiveness of culture 246
distinctiveness goals 493–4
distress see illness behaviors
divination 460
divorce 522–3
DSM 424
DSM-III-R 423
dual identities, management of 22–5
dual loyalty 20
dual-process model of attribution 684
dynamic constructivist approach 690
early learning (language) 77–8
eating disorders 372
ecological theory 38
economic changes 536
economic explanations and academic performance 188–9
economic-negative factor 509
economic-positive factor 509
educational administrative agencies 149
educational psychology 11
educational reforms 9
education (schooltalk) 133
efficacy:
egocentrism 287
elaboration 600
Embedded Line Figure Test 643
emotion 205–17, 635
emotional responding 211–14
indigenous facial stimulus materials, development of 212
physiological and behavioral responses 213
recognition of emotion 212–13
somatization 214
regulation and zhong yong (midway) thinking 159–60
self-conscious 209–11
socialization 214–16
Emotional Support Index 346
Employee Survey (1997) 568
empowerment 443–4
enacted support 413
Enright Forgiveness Inventory 351
entativity 244
entertainment (celebritytalk) 133
equity rule 483
equivalence constraint 136–7
ethnicity/ethnic minorities 590–1
Ethnic profile 660
ethnocentrizing 244
event-related potential 126
excluded middle, law of the 164
expansionist theory 540
experimental psychology 15
externality and performance outcome 224–6
eye contact 636
face and morality in Confucian society 250, 302, 303, 304, 479–96, 665–6, 686–7, 702
big face 703
big self and small self 490–2
competing for face (zheng mianzi) 489
Confucian ethics for ordinary people 482–3
cultural origin of concept of face 480–2
face dynamics in organizations 495–6
gift giving and consumer behaviors 494–5
illness behaviors 425–7
inter-cultural interactions 689
losing face 491
losing face in Taiwan 487–8
morality 485–6
mystery of face 479–80
negative face 480
positive face 480
protective and acquisitive face orientation 488–9
psychosociogram 483–5
role obligation and achievement type 492–4
small face 703
social incidents of losing face 492
Tao of coping 410–11
thin-face (po lianpi) 489
virtual face(hsu mianzi) 489
wishing for face (yao mianzi) 489
face-to-face negotiation 689
facial expressions 635
facial stimulus materials, indigenous, development of 212
facilitative/transformative beliefs 175
false-belief tasks 125
familism 321–2
family:
communication dynamics 250
expectations and education 149
harmony 669
processes and hope and hopelessness 353–4
processes and purpose in life 345–6
relations and cross-cultural transition 670
fate control 228
favor granting (shi-en) 602
feelings 635
fencing 647–8
fertilty rate decline 309
figurative idioms 85–6
filial discrepancy 315
filial nationalism 592
Five-D model (Hofstede) 244
folk psychotherapy, supernaturally oriented 460–1
follower perspective 618
Fore (Papua New Guinea) 33
fortune telling 461
framing 245
frequency hierarchy 135–6
friendship 516–18
friendship (peertalk) 133
F-scale 591
Functionalism 9
functional-means values 254
future for Chinese psychology 14–16
gaze 689
gender differentiation and parenting 61–2
gender identity 301–2
gender perspective on social relationships and behavior 533–48
basic approaches to understanding social behavior 533–4
contemporary economic, political and social changes 536
marital relationship and marriage dissolution 542–3
mate selection and preference 541–2
multiple role involvement 539–40
sexual harassment 547
sexuality and sexual behavior 540–1
social roles, changes in 536–7
traditional influences 535
violence 543–6
General Health Questionnaire 227
Gestalt school 13
globalization 25
goal orientation and motivation and achievement 194–5
goal-oriented values 253–4
goals, achievement of 703–5
goodwill trust 509
government (officialtalk) 133
grammatical items 134
gratitude 604
guanxi (interpersonal connections) 526, 527, 686, 689, 704–5
cooperation and competition 507–8
and having/losing face 492
social beliefs 231
values 249–50
Hancha (Chinese characters) 111
Hangul (alphabetic syllabary) 111
Happiness Inventory Database, Chinese 328
hardiness 666
Hayashi method 263
health beliefs 233–4
Health and Health Service Research Fund 448
health-related behaviors 284
health restoration/promotion 354–6
heart-mind 8
Hebbian learning rules 71–2
hedonism 264
height psychology 587–9
help seeking 427–30
herbal supplements 394
Herth Hope Index 352
hierarchy/hierarchical 700
favouring lexical items over grammatical items 136
model 137
orientation index 571
social relationships 196
Hinduism 700
Hiragana (Japanese syllabary) 111
holistic cognitive orientation 683
holistic cognitive processing 688
home (familytalk) 133
homogeneity effect 231
homophones 110
Hong Kong:
Bilingual Child Language Corpus 131
Chinese-English bilingual acquisition in childhood 130–2
clinical neuropsychology 385
Health and Welfare Bureau 427
Learning Behavior Checklist for Preschool Children (Parent Version) 115
List Learning 389
Medical Journal Supplement 448
political psychology: political participation 566
Reading and Writing Behavior Checklist for Adults 115
Specific Learning Difficulties Behavior Checklist for Primary School Pupils 115
Specific Learning Difficulties in Reading and Writing for Junior Secondary School Students 115
Specific Learning Difficulties in Reading and Writing for Primary School Students, 2nd edition 115
University Grants Council 173
Huaren 19–20
human relations rule 587
ideal affect 211
idealization 245
identification 604
ideographs 634
idiom processing 85–6
illness behaviors 421–33
cultural values and distress 425–7
distress, cultural expression of 423–5
help seeking, cultural influences on 427–8
help seeking and cultural lay beliefs 428–30
psychological distress, levels of 421–3
stigma 430–1
structural issues 431–2
immigrant children from Chinese-speaking to English-speaking 132
impartial approach 495
impermanence (wu chang) 164–5
impetus, initial 9
Implicit Association Test 283
impulse buying 630
impulsivity 40
Inclusion of Other in the Self scale 516
cultural value 682
inter-cultural interactions 690
psychotherapy 462–3
inferior frontal gyrus 85–6
inferring attributes 633
influence relationships 704–5
inspire awe or fear (li-wei) 602
institutional setting 569–70
instructional coherence 147
integrated analysis 195–7
Integrated profile 660–1
Intellectual Achievement Responsibility questionnaire 225
Intensive Community Mentoring program 450
interactional justice 507–8
intercultural competition 26
intercultural interactions 679–93
behavioral norms 685
cross-cultural communication and negotiation 688–91
differential attributions 683–5
harmony and face-work 686–7
in-group/out-group categorization 682–3
multi-cultural work groups 691–3
relational personalism 686
selective perception 682
self-identity 687–8
sequence 680–1
situational context 688
interdependence-independence 625–7
interests, orientation towards 571–2
intergenerational conflicts 670–1
intergenerational support 523–4
inter-group relations see social identity and inter-group relations
intermediate approaches to learning 170–1
International Affective Picture System 212
International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology 13
international competition 26
International Union of Psychological Science 12
interpersonal adjustment 281–2
interpersonal distance 636
interpersonal relationships 250, 515–28
areas for improvement 527
encouraging trends 526–7
family relationships 523–6
friendship 516–18
marital relationships 521–3
romantic relationships 518–21
intrapsychic adjustment 281
intra-sentential switching see code mixing
investment in research 13–14
invisible style of leadership 609
Japanese language and reading disability 111–12
jindaishi 560–1
Kanji (Chinese characters) 111
Katankana (Japanese syllabary) 111–12
Keju civil service exam system 148
Korean language and reading disability 111–12
Koro (suo yang) 368–9
Ko's Mental Health Questionnaire 297
Kun reading (Japanese native reading) 111
L1-L2 asymmetry 127
language:
language and the brain 69–89
language and literacy development 93–105
basics of literacy 93–6
character features 101–3
cognitive linguistic development 96–9
importance of parents fostering language and literacy skills 99–101
reading comprehension 103–4
late learning (language) 77–8
leadership 599–619
advanced style 609
benevolent 602
charismatic 606–7
and Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory 302–3
diversity of leadership philosophies and practices 608–9
holistic approach 616
indigenous research on future directions 612–16
integration of Chinese and non-Chinese perspectives and theories 616–18
invisible style 609
justice perspective on leadership styles 609–10
leader-member exchange theory 612
moral 602
participative 610
progressive style 609
styles, antecedents of 618
visionary 607
learning and teaching, approaches to 169–83
beliefs and approaches of students 180–2
Constructivism 179–80
context, influence of 173–4
directive teaching 151
direct teaching 146
good teaching 176
intermediate approaches 170–1
students' beliefs about teaching, learning and knowledge 174–5
synthesis of Chinese and Western research 172–3
teacher-directed learning 196
teacher training 117
teaching paradox 176–9
Legalism 608
lesson activities, complex 149
lesson plans 149
lexical cues 83–5
lexical decision task 24
lexical development, crosslinguistic differences in 74–6
lexical items 134–5
lexical organization in development 71–4
lexical representation 77
lexical semantic processing 84
lexicon 136
lian (perceived moral rectitude) 480, 481–2, 702
acculturation and adaptation 665–6
face and morality 495
inter-cultural interactions 686
Tao of coping 410
life change units 663
limited convergence hypothesis 249
linealization 245
linear order equivalence constraint 137
literal idioms 85–6
longevity, increase in 309
love styles, preferences for 518–19
MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) 74
Manchu Qing dynasty 583–4
Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale 285
marriage dissolution 542–3
marriage, increase in age of 522–3
Marriage Law (1950) (545
mass organizations 573–4
material warmth 59
mate selection and preference 541–2
mathematics 143–52
cultural contexts of students' achievements 148–52
instruction in classrooms 146–8
numerical development, early 143–5
operational mathematics curriculum 145
matrix approach 259
Mattis Dementia Rating scale (Chinese version) 388–9
May 4th student movement 9
mean difference studies 713
meaning of life 344–6
media (newstalk) 133
memory 316–17
mental construction framework 649
mental health services 432
mental illness 430–1
mental representations 692
mental training 648–50
metacognition 103–4
mianzi (social reputation in a given setting) 702, 480, 481–2
acculturation and adaptation 665–6
face and morality 495
Tao of coping 410
values 250
migrant-worker population 64
mind-body practices 393
mindfulness cognitive-behavioral therapy 469–70
mind orientation 190
minimal group paradigm 586
Ministry of Education 149
modesty 703
monitoring (of education) 55
monolingual lexical development 72
Moral Education Survey 252
morality:
moral leadership 602
morphology 124
mortality see death
mother-child interactions 214–15
motivation and achievement 149, 187–201
academic performance 187–9
broader perspectives 199
constructs with greater specificity 198–9
integrated analysis 195–7
Moulding (teaching strategy) 177
MS-CIM 249
MS-CIT 249
Mullet Forgiveness Scale 351
Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale (Chinese version) 346
multi-cultural dimensionalizing 714
multi-culturality, psychological benefits of 25–6
multi-cultural work groups 691–3
multiple meanings of Chinese psychology 19–20
Multi-Trait Personality Inventory 298
naming-speed deficit 110
narcissism 287
narrative psychology 585
nasopharyngeal carcinoma 390–1
National Comorbidity Survey 423
National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS) 427–8
National profile 660
Negative Affect scale 206–7
negative outcomes 628–30
negativity dominance 316
negotiation, cross-cultural 688–91
neo-Confucianism 594
network support 413
neuro-cognitive processing see cognitive and neuro-cognitive processing
neuroimaging studies see language and the brain
nonce-borrowing hypothesis 136–7
non-contradiction law 164–5
no-prompt condition 144
normative principles of communication 635–6
normative promotion 244
North-South genetic gradient 32
Nowick-Strickland Locus of Control Scale 227
numerical development, early 143–5
objectification 245
Objective Scale of Forgiveness 351
obligation fulfillment 196
Olfactory Identification Test (Hong Kong version) 388
One Hundred Flowers Movement 11
on-field support 651–2
On reading (Chinese reading) 111
operational thinking 646
oral language 118
orthographic differences 126
orthographic level 70
orthographic processing 116
orthographic-related difficulties 112
outcomes, positive 628–9
Outlook on Life Scale 344
over-differentiation 245
oversimplification 245
palm reading 460
‘parachute kids’ 670
paradigmatic prioritization 245
parental autonomy granting 62–3
parental love withdrawal 57
parental physical-material academic authoritarianism 61
parental punitiveness 55
parental roles and parent-child interactions 524–6
parental socioeconomic status 189
parent-child relationships 45
parent-child writing 100
parenting beliefs and practices in context of change 45–6
parenting and child socialization 53–64
authoritarianism 60–1
convergent evidence for applicability of Western frameworks 54–6
differentiating levels of analysis 62–3
divergent evidence for applicability of Western frameworks 56–7
dynamic and multidimensional approach to culture 63–4
gender differentiation 61–2
indigenous notions 57–9
parenting styles 281
participative leadership 610
paternalistic leadership 601–8, 704
configuration approach 615
empirical research 604–5
influence tactics 608
leader-member exchange 605–6
multi-level approach 614–15
original model 601–2
three-dimensional model 602–3
and transformational leadership 606–8
Paternalistic Leadership Scale 614
paternal warmth and indulgence 62
Pavlovian reductionism 11
People's Action Party 594
Perceived Competence Scale for Children 229
perceived control 399–404
and contemporary cultural theories 401–2
and Tao of ‘passive’ coping 402–4
and traditional beliefs 399–401
perceived interactional justice 609–10
perceived support 413
perfectionism, maladaptive 666
Personal Efficacy Scale 227
personalism, relational 686
Personality Scale, Chinese 298
personal motives (individual objectives) 253
personal-positive factor 509
personal situational factors 666–7
personal values 319–20
Person-Social Development Self-Efficacy Inventory 344
perspective-taking test 125
persuasion, gentle 505
phonetic awareness 103
phonetic knowledge 102–3
phonetic principle 110
phonological coding systems 94–5
phonological map 78
phonological memory 116
phonological regularity 111
phonotactics 83
phylogenies 32
physical coercion 60
polarization 245
political changes 536
political psychology: political participation 563–77
China 564–6
consequences 573–5
Hong Kong and Taiwan 566
Singapore 566–7
Portrait Values Questionnaire 260
Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs 360
Positive and Negative Affect Scale 206–7
positivity effect 316–17
postmodern turn 14
prelexical cues 83–5
prestige 627
pride 211
productivity 282
professional model of effective teaching 178
progress monitoring and reading disability 117
prompt condition 144
property, sins against 487
Protective Acquisitive Face Orientation Scale 489
proximity 636
psychiatric disorders 367–79
depression 370–2
diagnostic frameworks 367–9
eating disorders 372
prevalence 369–70
stigma: acceptability of disorder and help-seeking 376–8
suicide 372–4
treatment and outcomes 374–6
psychoanalysis 464
psychological adjustment 226–7
psychological beliefs 222, 223–31
about death 233
control constructs 227–8
control, psychological adjustment and social behavior 226–7
effort and ability attributions in academic settings 226
externality and performance outcome 224–6
locus of control 223–4
self-concept 228–30
self-esteem 230–1
psychological conflict 482
psychological control 60–1
psychological-emotional warmth 61
psychological resources 569
psychosociogram 483–5
psychotherapy 457–71
future directions 470–1
indigenous 458–61
Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist philosophy 458–9
folk, supernaturally oriented 460–1
traditional Chinese medicine 459–60
paradigm shift: East meets West 469–70
psychopathological processes 467–9
yield from empirical studies 466
Pureraria lobata 394
purpose in life 344–6
Qingnian Zhongguo Personality Scale see Chinese Personality Scale
Q-methodologies 263
Quality Education Fund 449
Quality of Life Instrument, Chinese 354
quanwei (authority-minded way of thinking) 559–60
rapid naming see speeded naming
Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices 643
reading comprehension 103–4
reading disability 109–19
in alphabetic languages 109–10
assessment batteries 115–16
behavior checklists 115
characteristics of Chinese writing system 110–11
cognitive profile of reading disability and other developmental disorders 113
cognitive profiles for different Chinese populations 112–13
early identification and intervention, necessity for 114
Japanese and Korean, comparisons with 111–12
preschool children at risk 113–14
reading-related cognitive deficits 112
response-to-intervention model 116–18
reading and writing tests 101
RE-AIM 451
redefining psychology 10–11
regression toward the mean and belief in change 161
regular phrases 85–6
regulatory focus 503
regulatory values (evaluative) 254
rehabilitation 11–12
reification 245
reinforcing connections (la quanxi) 483
relational personalism 686
relationship harmony 707
relative cultural distance 692
religion, sins against 487
renqing (relationship orientation) 300–1, 302, 303, 321, 483
cooperation and competition 507–8
social identity and inter-group relations 587
ren shi (recognition) 11
reputation 686–7
respect 686–7
response and face-work 686–7
response-to-intervention model 116–18
retribution (Bao) 234
Revised Control, Agency and Means-End Interview 223
reward for application 226
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test 389
right hemisphere theory 85
risk preferences 502–3
Rokeach Values Survey 254–5
role-based social relations, identity as 585–7
romantic relationships 518–21
cultural beliefs in Yuan and malleability of personality 520–1
experiences and attachment with romantic partners 519
interpersonal and sexual behaviors 520
love styles, preferences for 518–19
Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale 282–3
rule of law 570–1
rural areas 64
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 87
Schwartz Value Questionnaire 319
scientific psychology 7
scientific trends 22
SCL-90R somatization score 424
Seed Fund 450
selective perception 682
self 279–89, 338–9
-actualization 195
big self and small self 490–2
-determination 195
-effacement 225
-identity 687–8
-liking 280
-organizing maps 71–3
-regard 287
-related constructs 199
-worth 195
Self Description Questionnaire 229
seller collectivism 691
semantic content of words 83
semantic map 78
semantic regularity 111
sensory development 33
sequential acquisition 77
serotonin transporter genetic polymorphisms 40
sexual harassment 547
sexuality 540–1
sexual sins 487
sexual violence 545–6
shamanism 460–1
Shanghai Psychiatric Epidemiological Study 422
Shaolin Chan Wu Yi culture 393
Shatin Community Mental Health Survey 423
Sichuan earthquake (2008) 445–6
similarity projection 245
simplified script 94
simultaneous learning (language) 77–9
Singapore:
Chinese-English bilingual acquisition in childhood 129–30
Pinyin system 94–5
political psychology: political participation 566–7
situational context 688
situational cues 26
situational influence 681
situationalist error 684
SLC6A4 gene 33
social anxiety 468
social attitudes and responses 41
social axioms 501–2
Social Axiom Survey 301
social changes 536
social complexity 501–2
social cynicism 501
Social Development Project Indicators 344
social exchange rule 482
social identity 683
social identity and inter-group relations: benevolent
authority 579–95
authoritarianism: categorical and defensive reactions under threat 591–3
benevolent authority under conditions of low threat 587–91
collectivism as relational orientation not category based difference 581
cross-cultural psychology, revolution in 580
historical practices of statecraft and identity 582–3
identity as role-based social relations 585–7
indigenous psychology of identity 581–2
modernity, transitions to 583–5
narrative psychology 585
self, self-categorization perspective on 580–1
Social Identity Theory 283
social influence beliefs 235
social motives (relational objectives) 254
social orientation of achievement motivation 174
social partners, peripheral 314
social pluralism 572
social process model 39
social psychology 15
social psychology of identity politics in multicultural Chinese communities 22–7
dual identities, management of 22–5
psychological benefits of multiculturality 25–6
social psychology of globalization and reactions to foreign cultures 26–7
Social Readjustment Rating Scale 663–4
social relationships see gender perspective on social relationships and behavior
social reputation see mianzi
social sins 487
societal tightness 685
socio-economic status 289
socio-emotional development in children 37–48
early characteristics 40–1
functioning and adjustment 41–8
parenting beliefs and practices in context of change 45–6
social contextualist perspective 38–9
urban-rural differences in functioning and adjustment 47–8
socio-instrumental control 224
sociological resources 568
somatic complaints 44
Somatic Symptom Index 424
South African Personality Inventory 305
Soviet psychology 10
Spheres of Control Scale 227
spirituality 332, 343–61
conceptual problems and issues 356–7
convergence and non-convergence with Western and Chinese concepts 357
death and dying, attitudes and responses to 346–8
forgiveness 351–2
generalizability of research finding 359
health restoration/health promotion 354–6
hope and hopelessness 352–4
imported measures, predominance of 358
longitudinal studies, lack of 359
meaning of life and purpose in life 344–6
methodological limitations and related issues 357–60
methodological shortcomings 359–60
paucity of scientific models 357
practical limitations and issues 360
predominance of quantitative studies 357–8
qualitative studies, poor quality of 358
religiosity, religious beliefs and religious practice 349–51
validation studies, problems with 358–9
Spiritual Well-Being Scale 344
sport psychology 641–53
abilities 643
baseball 647
cognitive processsing resources, narrowing of 648
cognitive qualities 644
fencing 647–8
inability to process images 648
inability to think logically during competition 648
mental training 648–50
on-field support 651–2
personality characteristics 643–4
speedy decision making, necessity for 648
sport-related thinking, conditions and characteristics of 646–8
table tennis 647
talent identification 642–5
Springfield Religiosity Schedule 346
SSI 5/5 criterion 425
statecraft 582–3
statism 572
stock market decisions and belief in change 160–1
strategies, generalized 150
structural integrity constraint 137
structured representation 73
Student Approaches to Learning 200
subgroup favoritism 692
subordinate dependence on leader for resources 604–5
subordinate traditionality 604
Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale 658
supervision, abusive 609–10
support networks 665–6
suppression 11
surface-structure constraint 137
survival strategies (in learning) 173–4
SV2B gene 33–4
syntactic awareness 118
syntax 136
table tennis 647
tag switching 134
tai-chi 393
Taiwan:
clinical neuropsychology 385
losing face 487–8
political psychology 566
practising democracy 574–5
Psychiatric Epidemiological Project 423
Zhuyin Fuhao system 94–5
talent identification 642–5
Taoist philosophy 165
environmental beliefs 232
face and morality 480
illness behaviors 428
psychotherapy 458–9
social beliefs 222
Tao (way) of coping 399–415
active-inflexible 407–8
differences in type and function of social support 412–13
emotion-focused 402–4
flexible coping 404–9
future issues 413–14
‘passive’ coping 399–404
perceived control 399–404
perceived control and contemporary cultural theories 401–2
perceived control and traditional beliefs 399–401
passive-inflexible 408
problem-focused 404
situational differences in coping flexibility 408–9
task and people orientation 606
Teachers' Report Form 369
teaching see learning and teaching
Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (Chinese version) 346
Tendency to Forgive Scale 351
text characteristics 104
theory-of-mind performance 124–5
theory of planned behavior 429
thinking styles 155–65
authority-minded 559–60
Buddhist philosophy 164–5
change, belief in 160–3
Confucian philosophy 164
experience-based 559
sport-related 646–8
Taoist philosophy 165
‘Three chips’ study 646
tianren heyi (interrelationship and harmony) 557
ti-yong principle (self-strengthening) 8
tones 123–4
touching behavior 636
traditionality/modernity 249
traditional script 94
transcendent motives (super-ordinate objectives) 254
traveling psychosis (lutu jingshenbing) 369
Triarchic Body Pathway Relaxation Technique 393
truth 165
Twenty Statement Test 687
tzuchueh neng tungli (active consciousness) 10
ultimate attribution error 158
uncertain events, beliefs about 232–3
unity, endurance of 246
Value Orientations for Chinese Questionnaire 253–4
values 197, 241–65
areas for extending future research 262–5
-behaviors issue 263
challenges facing researchers 244–5
in collectivist cultures 701
comparative approaches 256
context of cultural comparisons 241–2
as cornerstone for international comparisons 242–3
differences 666
domain-specific ‘emic’ values studies in mainland China 257–8
empirical values studies in mainland China 252
enriching abstract meaning of universal values 255–6
functional-means 254
goal-oriented 253–4
indigenous theory building 258–9
indigenous work from within Chinese societies 246–9
key indigenous themes 249–51
limitations of approach and scope 261–2
new empirical surveys 252–3
orientation 574–5
perspectives on enduring unity and distinctiveness of culture 246
research expanded through complex modernization 256–7
research revived through ‘societies in change’ 257
scales construction with Chinese characteristics 253–5
social science and studies on values, re-launching of 251
studies by members of Chinese diaspora 249
Vengeance Scale 351
verticality 627–8
violence 543–6
virtues 535
visionary leadership 607
visual processing and language 633–5
visual skills 98
vitality (qi) 459
voluntary associations 573–4
Wade Forgiveness Scale 351
Ways of Coping questionnaire 664
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales 384, 387, 643
Chinese version - WAIS-R 387
Hong Kong version - WAIS-R-HK 387
Taiwan version - WAIS-III 387
Wechsler Memory Tests 384
wei quan/quan wei leadership 614
well-being 327–40
coexistence and integration of contrasting cultural underpinnings 337–9
cultural conceptions of happiness 329–33
Western Aphasia Battery (Hong Kong Cantonese version) 387
word association 126
word length and frequency 75
work groups, multi-cultural 691–3
working memory 103
Work Locus of Control Scale 223
work units (danwei) 565–6
World Health Organization:
Composite International Diagnostic Interview 369
Quality of Life Scale - Hong Kong Chinese Version 354
wushu 393
wu-wei (non-intervention) 400
xin ling xue (pneumatology) 8
yin-yang 165
cultural psychology and contemporary communication 558
illness behaviors 429
leadership 615
psychiatric disorders 368–9
values 259
Youth Self-Report Form 369
Zen Buddhist philosophy 469
zhijue (experience-based form of thinking) 559
Zhuyin Fuhao system (Taiwan) 94–5
