Chinese psychology can be taken to mean a discipline —Eurocentric in origin —practiced in its many forms within regions of a geographical spa —China —and also as something by and for a specified culture with its own distinct philosophical traditions. While the Chinese have traditionally linked the subject matter of psychology with the longstanding teachings of Confucius, Mencius, Laozi, and their followers, the modern discipline that emerged out of Euro-America only began to make an impact in the first two decades of the twentieth century. This article reveals, like other sciences from nineteenth-century Europe, the emerging modern psychological discipline was unrecognizable to the Chinese, who had to discover, adopt, and adapt it along with other strange new things from the West. Initially China regarded psychology as a foreign discipline for a variety of reasons. This article elaborates on the discipline of Chinese psychology and its various contexts.