This chapter provides an introduction to network neuroscience techniques for music and brain imaging research. Key to this chapter is a background to the field of network science more broadly, as an approach to the study of complex systems, in addition to the more currently accepted graph theory techniques and applied analysis methods within network neuroscience. The focus of the chapter is on two main components. First, an introduction to network-based techniques that may be successfully applied to neuroimaging data for understanding structural and functional brain connectivity. Second, some of the more recent results and implications from the application of these techniques to fMRI data for advancing our understanding of the effects of music and musical training on structural and functional brain networks. Ultimately, the promising evidence resulting from the application of network-based techniques may help resolve fundamental questions surrounding the effects of music on the brain.