(p. xv) List of Figures
(p. xv) List of Figures
1.1 Selected international companies’ revenues and selected emerging economies’ GDPs (2017) 3
1.2 Decline in the number of listed corporations in the United States 1975–2017 22
1.3 Listed corporations market capitalization 1975–2017 in United States (US$ trillions) 24
1.4 Net equity issues, US non-financial and financial companies 1946–2016 26
1.5 World’s largest corporations by market capitalization in US$ billions (April 2018) 29
1.6 Europe’s largest corporations by market capitalization (March 2017) 30
1.7 Increase in the number of global listed domestic companies 1975–2016 33
1.8 Market capitalization of global listed domestic companies 1975–2017 (current US$ trillion) 33
4.1 Aggregate of stocks and bonds for firms on major US stock exchanges, 1888–1913 105
10.1 Rise and fall of union membership and density 1930–2015 254
10.2 Union membership/density vs. share of income going to the top 10 percent 255
10.3 Labor share of income vs. gross corporate profits, 1947–2015 256
10.6 CEO turnover rates (left axis) and “turnover gap” between all industries and financial services (right axis), 2000–15 266
10.7 Corporate profits by industry, 1965–2015 ($ billions; quarterly data at seasonally adjusted annual rates) 269
13.1 Global child labor and child hazardous work (millions) 2000–16 323
(p. xvi) 13.4 Apple market capitalization 2006 to May 2018 (US$ billions) 336
13.6 Apple cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities 2006 to 2017 (US$ billions) 337
14.1 Expansion paths of new MNEs in developed and developing countries 371
16.2 Number of companies held for the purpose of maintaining business relationships 433
16.4 Changes in average board size (Nikkei 225 companies) 437
16.5 Number of years an average director spends in lifetime career 442
16.6 Average compensation of inside (executive) directors 443
16.7 Level of “for” votes cast on certain agenda issues (companies with a higher ratio of institutional investors) 444
18.2 Innovative strategy and the reshaping of the cost curve 498
18.4 The theory of innovative enterprise and the illogical monopoly model 505
22.1 Reducing carbon to zero emissions by the end of the century 603
22.2 The widening scope of director’s duties: the increasing impact of social and environmental responsibility 610
22.4 The investment in renewable energy in the OECD and G20 economies 2000–14 625