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(p. 861) Index
(p. 861) Index
Activism. see anti-GMO activism
Africa. see also smallholder farmers
AGRA initiative, 141
agrifood industry (see agrifood industry)
anti-GMO activism, 52
biotechnology introduction in, 90–91
capital flight, 137
cash-crop export farming, 137–38
colonial, postcolonial influences, 137–39
conflict impacts, 136–37
contract enforcement, 137
crop residue composting, 118
debt issues, 138
demography, 133–35
economic reforms, 140
ethnic diversity, 135–37
food crisis (see Sahel (Africa))
food/health relationships, 73
food insecurity, 129
food price spikes, 275
food production per capita, 130
geography, 133–35
HIV/AIDS, 490–91
illiteracy, 131
industrialization, 138
inheritance laws, 289
intercropping, 113–15
landownership, 278–79
local ecological knowledge, 492
NGO-sponsored PES programs, 466
packaged goods market share, 805–6
preferred supplier direct relationships, 813–14
property protection, 137
relative rate of assistance (RRA), 368f
rule of law in, 137
rural infrastructure, 132–34
Sahel (see Sahel (Africa))
taxation, 138–40
(p. 862)
tools access, 280
transnational agrarian movements, 730
urban bias in, 132–33
Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), 72
Africa Biofortified Sorghum Project, 162
Agamben, G., 778
Agricultural technology. see biotechnology
Agrifood industry
accelerated, determinants of, 810–12
cash & carry chains, 803
clustering, 815–16
consolidation, 805–8
development strategies, 796
farmers, impacts on, 814–15
follow sourcing, 802
marketing strategy adaptation, 811–12
packaged foods, 803–4
public private partnerships (PPP), 810–11
resource-providing contracts, 814
reviews of, 796
state-owned enterprises (SOE), 809–11
store format adaptation, 811–12
supply-chain efficiencies, 811
transformation generally, 795–96
Agroecological intensification (AEI)
SRI (see System of Rice Intensification (SRI))
A Hlanze, xxx, 490
AlaAT (alanine aminotransferase), 70
Alderman, H., 421
Algae biofuels, 193
Alix-Garcia, J., 466
Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), 141
Allyl methyl trisulfide, 79t
Almond, D., 414
Alsever, J., 628
Alston, J. M., 670
Altieri, M., 219
Ambedkar, B. R., 538–39
Amin, A., 787
Andreoni, J., 461
Anriquez, G. À., 279
Anti-commons, 398
Anti-GMO activism
eating as political act, 532
food sovereignty, 52–55
motivations, 767–68
papaya, 762–67
in United States, 579
(p. 863)
Antinutrients, 86–88
Appadurai, A., 548
APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator), 112
Arabidopsis thaliana, 71
Arcadia Biosciences, 70–72
Arctic apple, 67–68
Arjó, G., 607
Asia. see specific countries by name
Aspergillus fumigatus, 87
Atrazine, 693
Australia
allergens in GMOs, 603
biotechnology licensure, 397
income support measures, 370
intellectual property rights, 383
papaya ring spot virus, 757
species divergence, 433–34
water rights, 466
Avatar, 532–33
Azospirillum, 209
Barker, D., 414
Barrett, C., 453
Barthes, 546
Baumgartner, H., 401
Bayham, F. E., 477
Beer, J., 528
Behrman, J. R., 416
Belasco, W. J., 646
Béné, C., 789
Berg Report, 785
Berlant, L., 772
Bernauer, T., 667
Beta glucan, 77t
Better Bananas for Africa Project, 162
Bhalla, S., 806
Bhatia, B. M., 304
Bièvre, D. B., 400
Bifidobacteria, 82
BioCassava Plus Project, 162
Biofuels
algae, 193
biomass resources, 185–87
cropland resources (global), 182–83
energy conservation, 194–95
energy resources, usage, 183–85
food production vs., 181–82
fracking, 184
land-food nexus, 256
oil palms, 192–93
peak oil, 184–85
rapeseed, canola biodiesel, 191–92
soybean biodiesel, 190–91
water resources (global), 183
Biological Open Source (BiOS), 397
Biotechnology. see also GMOs
abiotic stress, 68–69
absisic acid (ABA), 72
agrarian lifestyle, 436–38
agriculture history, 443–45
agronomic traits, 67–68
AlaAT (alanine aminotransferase), 70
(p. 864)
antinutrients, 86–88
biodiversity, 437
carbon sequestration, 73
challenges facing humans generally, 431–32
chromosome architecture, 439–40
climate change, 68–73
cultivation statistics, 67
dilemmas, solutions generally, 65–67
“DUS” system, 444
ethics, 25–26
genetic homology, 439–40
genetic modification as objective, 591–93
heritage plant varieties, 438
homeodomain leucine zipper proteins (HDZip), 72
horizontal gene transfer, 441
humans as unnatural species, 434–35
hybrid crops, 443
innate technology, 68
inter-species gene transfer, 440–41
material interests vs. ideas, 7–8
metabolic engineering, 79–80
minichromosome vectors, 80–81
modern varieties (MVs), 46–49
Mother Nature’s replacement rule, 432–34
multiple-transgene direct DNA transfer, 80
natural living paradigm shift consequences, 435–38
nitrogen uptake efficiency, 69–70
principles, 205
proprietary genes misconception, 438–43
Red Queen hypothesis, 437
regulation of (see regulation of GMOs)
risk assessment, 21
soil adaptations, 73
species barrier misconception, 438–43
submergence tolerance, 72
synteny, 439
unexpected outcomes, 79–80
water stress tolerance, 70–72
Blyth, M., 22
Borlaug, N., 532
Boström, M., 616
Bouis, H., 416
Bové, J., 566–68
Bowman v. Monsanto Co, 390
Brashares, J. S., 490
Brazil
allergens in GMOs, 603
biofuels in, 188
farmers’ rights/seeds, 387
land reforms, 269
as model, 140–41
(p. 865)
procurement systems, 799
relative rate of assistance (RRA), 368f
Brown, L., 459
Bt crops. see under GMOs; specific country by name
Bullshit (the movie), 689–90
Burgess, M., 25
Burke, E., 528
Butelli, E., 86
Butt, T. A., 456
Caffeic acid, 78t
Calcium (dietary), 85
CAMBIA, 397
Cambodia
wild foods in, 483t
Canola biodiesel, 191–92
Carberry, P. S., 112
Cardaci, A., 453
Cargill, 239
Carlson, S. R., 80
Cassin, J., 466
Catechins, 77t
Certification. see labeling and certification
Charles, D., 536
Chassy, B. M., 80
Chay, K., 414
China. see also GMOs
agrarianism, 239–40
agricultural activities impacts, 459
agrifood industry (see agrifood industry)
biogas plants in, 464
Bt cotton, 395
cropland availability, 183
food processing, 799–800
food subsidies in, 318
GM crop adoption rate, 695
landownership, 278–79
livestock management, 510–11
meat production, 508
organic foods consumption, 740
SRI implementation in, 215
transnational agrarian movements, 730
Christiaensen, L., 421
Clarkson, K. W., 418
Climate change
agricultural activities impacts, 457–60
atmospheric CO2 levels, 456
biotechnology, 68–73
carbon sequestration, 457–58
complementarities, 453–54
environmental poverty traps, 462
expertise, epistemic brokerage, 23
food price spikes, 455
food security, 454–57
households response, 457
(p. 866)
impacts, predictions, 455–57
intellectual property rights, 398–400
land acquisitions, 826
methane production, 457
poverty impacts, 454–60
rainfall patterns predictions, 456
synergies, 453
temperature change predictions, 456
transgenics, 73
wild foods, 489
Cloward, R. A., 729
Coase, R., 465
Cockburn, J., 374
Cole, M. A., 461
Collaborative Crop Research Program (CCRP), 116
Collagen hydrolysate, 77t
Collingham, E., 778
Commission on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CPGR), 384
Commodification
ethical consumerism, 655–56
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), 77t
Connolly, E. L., 85
Conway, G., 13
Cooper, A., 670
Costanza, R., 458
Cotula, L., 828–29
Counihan, C. N., 546
Cowlishaw, G., 490
Cramton, P., 466
Culas, R., 461
Cunha, M., 315
Cyanidin, 77t
Daewoo Logistics, 822
Daidzein, 78t
Davis, M., 778
DDT, 692–93
Declaration of the Rights of Peasants—Women and Men, 722
Deere, C. D., 262
Deininger, K., 256
de la Fuente, A., 457
Delgado, C., 510–11
Deolalikar, A. B., 416
De Schutter, O., 835
Devare, M. H., 49
Dey, J., 286
Diallyl sulfide, 79t
Dikotter, F., 778
Dithiolthiones, 79t
Doimo, A. M., 729
Doré, T., 120
Doss. C. R., 290
Douglas, M., 21
Downs, A., 667
Drakakaki, G., 85
DroughtGard maize, 71–72
Dupont, 83
Earth Summit, 54
Eating as political act. see also ethical consumerism
agrarian ideal, 523–26
community, 526–27
coping/resilience, 529–30
culture-borne instructions, 527–28
dehumanization, 531–32
development, progress (Western), 539–40
ecofeminism, 531
environmentalism, 533–36
frontier spirit of science, 528–29
heroic Third World peasants, 530–33
ideology of limits, 528–30
infant mortality, 531
knowledge/reason relationship, 527–28
local is best principle, 526–27
mechanization of agriculture, 525–26
personal values, 531
pesticides, 534–36
progressivism, 539–40
propriety, 528–29
romanticization, 531–32
scientific-technological solutions, 527–28
slavery/racism, 529–30
sociocultural limitations, 529–30
socioeconomic order, 525
stoop labor, 540
tobacco controversy, 524–25
tradition in agricultural practices, 527–28
eBay studies, 626
Écoropa, 565
Edible Insects, 4
Ehrlich, P., 532
Elfenbein, D. W., 626
The End of Food (Roberts), 12
Epicatechin, 78t
Ereaut, G., 455
Ethical consumerism. see also eating as political act
commodity substitutionism, 659
community building, 656–57
counter cuisine, 646
fetishized approaches, 647–48
food commodification, 655–56
infrastructures of provision, 648
purchasing power, 659
transformation efficiency, 648
Ethics. see food ethics
European Union (EU)
co-existence policy, 701–4
comparative innovative advantage, 681–84
Eurobarometer survey, 162–63
European Biotechnology Directive, 391
Fortuna potato, 90
GM crop adoption rate, 695
meat production, 508
milk consumption, 508
MOn810 maize, 702
packaged goods market share, 805–6
(p. 868)
preferred supplier direct relationships, 813–14
relative rate of assistance (RRA), 368f
Transcontainer Project, 706–7
wild foods in, 492
Ewen, S. W., 605
Fairhead, J., 256
Fairlie, S., 246–47
Falkner, R., 667
Farmer, P., 774
Farmers’ Confederation, 567
Farm subsidies
agricultural reform, 375–77
agriculture's role historically, 363–64
domestic reforms, 376
household consumption, 374
income inequality impacts, 373–75
policy biases, 362–63
poverty impacts, 373–75
real GDP, 374
real unskilled wage, 374
trade reform, 375
welfare effects (global), 372–73
Farquhar, J., 557
Feder, E., 267
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, 693
Fedoroff, N., 26
Fentahun, M. T., 492
Ferulic acid, 78t
Fiedler, J. L., 160
Fischer, xxx, 846
Flavanones, 78t
Flavones, 78t
Flavr Savr tomatoes, 578–79
Fodha, M., 461
Food ethics
abolitionism, 237–39
activism, 248
alienation, 233
biofortification, 244–45
co-existence, 242–43
concepts, 240–43
consumer concerns, 241
consumers/scientists relationship, 236–37
ethical consumerism, 248
ethical matrix approach, 237–38
ethical traceability, 242
foundationism, principalism, 237–39
history, 232–34
industrialism, 239–40
informed food choice, 242
intellectual property rights, 236
overweight, obesity, 233
(p. 869)
pragmatism, 247
tools, 231–32
value-oriented positions, 238–39
vegetarianism, 245–48
Food for Peace Program, 420
Food knowledge/politics generally
advocacy networks, 26
agrarian reform, 9
agricultural protectionism, 5
bans, legal restrictions, 5
double movement, 9
ethics, 25–29
expertise, epistemic brokerage, 23
food riots, 15–16
institutionalization, 24–25
interdependencies, 11
moral economy, 9
moral justifications, 5
normative vs. empirical, 4
production limitations, 12
sustainability, 11
Food labeling. see labeling and certification
Food meanings
as blessing from God, 549
consequences, 549–50
eating habits, changing, 556–58
flavor/money trade-offs, 552–56
generosity, 548–50
as kinship, acceptance, 546–47
moral decline, 552–56
sharing, 548–50
vegetarianism, 556–57
Food safety
biopesticides, 579
Bt176 corn, 566–69
comparative sequence analysis, 602
compositional analysis, 598–601
concepts, perceptions of, 587–88
DNA modification as objective, 591–93
domestication syndrome, 591
dose-response curves, 603–4
Flavr Savr tomatoes, 578–79
food ethics, 236
GMO classification, 563
GMO safety, desirability, 563
GMO salience, definition, 563
GM rice, 574–75
Ice-Minus, 577
labels in marketing, 588
monarch butterflies, 580
-omic profiling, 601
organic food movement, 587–88
(p. 870)
rat studies, 603–6
recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH), 578
risk factors generally, 608–9
standards generally, 562–63
whole food feeding studies, 604–5
Food security
agricultural development strategies, 107–8
agroecological intensification (AEI) (see agroecological intensification (AEI))
climate change, 454–57
intellectual property rights, 396–97
livestock, 505–6
SRI (see System of Rice Intensification (SRI))
subsidies (see subsidies)
United States, 27–28
wild foods, 475–76
Food security/gender inequality
credit access, 288–94
group farming, 290–92
inheritance laws, 288–89
land, assets access, 288–94
landownership, 278–79
price spikes, 275
productivity, increasing, 288–93
Public Land Bank (PLB), 289
Food sovereignty
anti-GMO activism, 52–55
Fortuna potato, 90
Fowler, C., 387
Fraker, T. M., 419
Friedman, M., 633
Friends of the Earth Japan, 574
Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), 78t
Fruition Seeds, 697
Fukuda-Parr, S., 696
Functional 2ndry metabolites, 75–76t
Fusarium culmorum, 210
The Future of Food, 690
Gajaseni, J., 763–64
Gandhi, M., 537–39
Garcia, D. K., 690
Gehlhar, M., 796
Gender inequality. see food security/gender inequality
Gibson, D., 419
Giddens, A., 60
Gliessman, S. R., 219
GMOs. see also biotechnology
anti-GMO activism (see anti-GMO activism)
Arctic apple, 67–68
Bt176 corn, 566–69
comparative innovative advantage, 681–84
DNA modification as objective, 591–93
DREB, 71–72
DroughtGard maize, 71–72
Flavr Savr tomatoes, 578–79
Frankenfoods, 54
gateway GMO crops, 766–67
IR20 rice, 46–47
knowledge economy, 52–53
open-pollinated varieties (OPVs), 57
papaya, 89
PARP modification, 72
precautionary approach, 54
principles, 205
public opinion, 53–54
regulation of (see regulation of GMOs)
Roundup Ready soybeans, 70
terminator gene, 54–55
transgenic hybrids, 57
transgenics (see transgenics)
Godfrey, K., 414
Goklany, I. M., 458
Gonsalves, C., 708
Gonzali, S., 86
Gordon, J., 82
Gosling, P., 460
Graff, G. D., 667
Grafton, R. Q., 466
Grand Challenges in Global Health, 162
Graziano da Silva, J., 91
Greenpeace France, 565–67
Greenpeace Japan, 574
Green Revolution. see also biotechnology; GMOs
benefits, 49–50
(p. 872)
controversy, 49–52
corporate imperialism, 51–52
ecological concerns, 51–52
private vs. public sector roles, 394–95
social inequality, 50–51
tradition, cultural values, 52
Gressel, J., 49
Griffin, K., 264
Grossman, G., 461
Grossman, M., 411
Gubbels, P., 779–80
Gujarati, D. S., 555–56
Gunning, J. W., 137
Haber-Bosch process, 692
Haddad, L. J., 416
Hager, H., 492
HarvestPlus Challenge Program, 161–62
Hashimoto, R., 572
Haugen, H. M., 388
He, J., 461
Heimat, 526–27
Hibberd, Ex parte, 389
Higano, Y., 464
Hiscox, M. J., 635
Hochman, G., 667
Hole, D. G., 460
Holley, D., 525–26
Hooghe, M., 651
Hunger and Public Action (Drèze/Sen), 776
Hutchison, W. D., 90
Hydroxycinnamates, 77t
India. see also GMOs
acute respiratory infection (ARI), 342
agriculture, taxation of, 372
agrifood industry (see agrifood industry)
alternative food movement, 536–39
banking correspondents, 314
efficiency-wage hypothesis, 339–40
export restrictions, 827
Fair Trade certification, 631–32
food expenditure elasticities, 416–17
food meanings (see food meanings)
food processing, 799–800
food situation historically, 532
food subsidies in (see subsidies)
GM crop adoption rate, 695
group farming, 290–92
infectious diseases susceptibility, 342
(p. 873)
inheritance laws, 288–89
landownership, 278–79
land reform, 255
low-income elasticities of demand, 416
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), 293
milk production, 511
organic agriculture in, 742
Plant Variety Protection and Farmers Rights (PVPFR) Act, 392
poverty level definitions, 347t
Public Land Bank (PLB), 289
Self-Help Groups (SHGs), 293
soil microorganisms benefits, 209
Indoles, 78t
Indonesia
agrifood industry (see agrifood industry)
biofuels in, 192
land acquisition in, 832
soil microorganisms benefits, 209
SRI implementation in, 215
INSTAPA project, 162
Intellectual property rights. see also patents
anti-commons, 398
climate change, 398–400
Commission on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CPGR), 384
Common Heritage principle, 384–85
conservation, 383–85
described, 381
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), 383–86
food ethics, 236
food security, 396–97
genetic diversity concerns, 383
International Board on Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), 383
(p. 874)
International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources (IUPGR), 384–86
Nagoya Protocol, 401
open source models, 397
Plant Patent Act, 389
SRI, 216
International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD)
applications, 851–55
GMO assessment, 848–51
goals, 848
limitations, 855–56
organic food movement, 747
reflexive institutions, 854–55
systematic reflexivity, 856
International Board on Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), 383
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 835
International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources (IUPGR), 384–86
Iron biofortification, 158t
Isoflavones, 78t
Isothiocyanates, 78t
Jaarsveld, A. S., 476
Japan
agrarianism, 239–40
land reform, 255
plant varieties patent protection, 399
wild foods in, 486t
Jasanoff, S., 563
Jasanoff and Martello, xxx, 846
J.E.M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred Int’l, Inc., 389–90
Jensen, R. T., 318
Johns, T., 483
Johnston, B. F., 364
Johnston, S., 758
Jordan, 484t
Jospin, L., 566
Juan, M., 18
Juma, C., 91
Juppé, A., 566
Just, R. E., 670
Kamanga, P., 494
Kaschula, S. A., 491
Kassie, M., 117
Kay, C., 256
Keith, D., 850
Kellogg, 622
Keynes, J. M., 22
Khera, R., 346
King, A., 784
Kollman, K. L., 666
Korea
agrifood industry (see agrifood industry)
land acquisitions (see land acquisitions)
plant varieties patent protection, 399
retailing, 799–800
Korthals, M., 243
Kraft, 622
Krueger, A., 461
Kuhnlein, H., 487
Kurzer, P., 670
Labeling and certification
animal welfare concerns, 617
consumer demand, 623–27
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), 633
effectiveness, 621
food safety labels in marketing, 588
health concerns, 617–18
impacts, 636–38
in marketing, 588
pesticides, 629–30
private systems, 635–36
proliferation, fatigue, 624
self-perpetuation imperative, 634
social desirability bias, 625–26
transparency, 634
Lactobacillus, 78t
Laffan, J., 796
Lal, S., 553–54
Land acquisitions
agrarian change, 824
alternative perspective, 834–35
climate change, 826
commodities speculation, 826
financialization, 826
investment, productivity growth, 826
market capitalism perspective, 833–35
political-economic stability, 824
right to food approach, 835–36
(p. 876)
Land-food nexus
biofuels, 256
class-consciousness, 260–61
(re)concentration, 267–68
counter-reform, 267
ethnic sensitive land policy, 262
food price spikes, 253–54
foreignization, 256
gender-sensitive land policy, 262
green grabbing, 256
historical perspectives (land policy), 261–62
inequality formalization, 266
land policy (market-oriented), 257–59
land reform dynamics, 263–68
livelihood-enhancing land policy, 263
non-(re)distribution, 265–67
perverse redistribution, 268
plurality of subgroups, 261
poverty, 257–58
productivity increasing land policy, 262–63
resettling, 267
restitution without redistribution, 266–67
reverse redistribution, 267–68
social relations, 258–59
water grabbing, 256
Larsson, T., 694
Latin America. see also Brazil; Mexico; Philippines
agriculture reform in, 377
agrifood industry (see agrifood industry)
biofortification impact, cost-effectiveness, 158–59t
biofuels in, 192
conditional cash transfers, 293
Fair Trade certification, 631–32
food expenditure elasticities, 416–17
food production in, 130
gender-sensitive land policy, 262
GMOs, 143
inheritance laws, 288–89
livestock management, 510–11
malnutrition in, 410t
MCAC (Movimiento Campesino a Campesino), 718
organic agriculture in, 745
organic foods consumption, 740
overnutrition/undernutrition dual burden, 411
packaged goods market share, 805–6
preferred supplier direct relationships, 813–14
reforestation PES, 466
relative rate of assistance (RRA), 368f
retailing, 810
social movements, 729
total household income, 488
Lebanon, 484t
Lee, D., 453
León, M., 262
Levedahl, W., 419
Levinson, A., 461
Lewis, A., 364
Lewontin, R., 19
Lignans, 78t
Livestock, livestock products
agriCulture historically, 506–7
economies of scale, 509–10
egg production (global), 508
food industry impacts, 510
food security, 505–6
genetic biodiversity, 512–13
industrialization, 509–13
inequality in production, 508–10
low productivity, limited use areas, 512
management, 509
meat production (global), 507–8
milk consumption, 508
organic agriculture, 516
regulation of GMO impacts, 676
sustainability, 510–11
zoonotic diseases, 513–14
Lobell, D. B., 458
Local Food Plus, 644
Lomborg, B., 463
Lotade, J., 625
Loureiro, M. L., 625
Lubeck, P., 782
Lutein, 77t
Lynas, M., 680
Magna, V., 8
Maharashtra Seed Company, 68
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), 293
Malnutrition. see also nutritional status
anthropometric indicators, 408
behaviors, knowledge in, 424
body mass index (BMI), 408
conditional cash transfer programs, 416
dietary shifts effects, 417
fetal, 413–14
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), 421–22
food expenditure elasticities, 416–17
Food for Peace Program, 420
food for work schemes, 416
GDP growth/poverty reduction effects, 417
income effects, 416–17
Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division (NCPD), 421–22
overweight, obesity, 409–11
shadow cost of time, 414–15
Special Program on Food Security (SPFS), 422
subsidies impacts, 415–16
substitution effects, 415–16
terminology, 408–9
thrifty phenotype concept, 414
unintended consequences, 424–25
World Bank principles, 422–23
Martin, A., 631–32
Martin, J., 517
Martin, W., 374
Mason, J., 237
Matlon, P., 782
MCAC (Movimiento Campesino a Campesino), 718
McHughen, A., 6
McMichael, P., 45
McNamara, P. E., 419
Mehta, A., 312
Mehta, L., 256
Mehta, R. A., 86
Mellor, J. W., 364
Methyl bromide, 693
Mexico. see also Latin America
agrifood industry (see agrifood industry)
biofortification impact, cost-effectiveness, 159t
Bt maize, 699
forestry, hydrology PES programs, 466–67
PROGRESA program, 321–22
transgenic crops in, 699
Micheletti, M., 646
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 106
Miller, N. H., 318
“Minimum Human Rights Principles Applicable to Large-Scale Land Acquisitions or Leases,” 835
Moms Against GMOs, 4
Monsanto Co, Bowman v., 390
Mooney, P., 387
Moore, B. Jr., 15
Mortierella, 84
MSG, 588
Muir, J., 534
Mukerjee, M., 778
Mustapha and Meagher, xxx, 783
Nagoya Protocol, 401
Naim, M., 14–15
Naked Juice, 622
NAM-B1, 82
Nanda, M., 742
Naqvi, S., 80
Narayan, K., 550
Nehru, J., 537
Nelson, V., 631–32
Nestle, 239
Nicholson, L., 80
Nkonya, E., 463
No! GMO Campaign, 573–74
Norton, B., 243
Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 54
Nutritional status. see also malnutrition
agronomic traits enhancement, 155
biofortification (see biofortification)
Dollars per DALY, 157
economic losses, 152
food distribution, 153
fortification, supplementation, 153
Obama, M., 739
O’Grada, C., 776
Oil palms biofuels, 192–93
Okanagan, 67–68
Olken, B., 312
Omvedt, G., 532
Organic agriculture
livestock, 516
product purity, 702–3
regulation of GMO impacts, 676
SRI vs., 743
Organic food movement
food safety, 587–88
International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD), 747
international NGOs, 747–48
market for, 740
Origin Agritech, 87
Ortiz, xxx, 690
Ortiz-Garcia, S., 699
Paarlberg, R., 52
Paige, J., 15
Palestinian Authority, 484t
Papaya
anti-GMO activism, 762–67
cross-pollination, 766
as food crop, 756–57
Greenpeace challenges to, 762–65
impacts/Thailand, 764–67
media access, savvy, 767–68
patents, 766
property rights, 766
segregated international markets, 766
transgenic, development of, 758–59
transgenic, introduction/Thailand, 760–65
virus resistance, 755–56
Parenti, C., 774
Parikh, K., 307
Parmalat, 806
Patent Act, 390
Patents. see also intellectual property rights
Japan, 399
Korea, 399
papaya, 766
Plant Patent Act, 389
Patzek, T. W., 189–90
Peccei, A., 784
Peña Nieto, E., 18
PepsiCo, 622
Pesticides
biopesticides, 579
eating as political act, 534–36
labeling and certification, 629–30
smallholder farmers, 113–14
Pest management
wild foods, 480t
Phenolics, 78t
Philippines
anti-GMO activism, 767
biofortification in, 158–59t
crop yields in, 446
land acquisition in, 832–33
low-income elasticities of demand, 416
relative rate of assistance (RRA), 368f
Phytate, 87
Pieroni, A., 492
Pigou, A., 465
Pimentel, M., 181
Pingali, P. L., 51
Pinstrup-Andersen, P., 458
Pioneer Hi-Bred Int’l, Inc., J.E.M. Ag Supply, Inc. v., 389–90
Piven, F. F., 729
Plant breeding
cis, intra-genic transformation, 595t
genetic modification as objective, 591–93
grafting, 595t
small RNA technologies, 595t
technologies, 595t
transcription factor modification, 595t
transient expression, 595t
Plant Variety Protection and Farmers Rights (PVPFR) Act, 392
Porras, I., 466
Posey, D., 478
Poverty and Famines (Sen), 785
Prakash, A., 666
Prebiotics/probiotics, 78t
Prebisch, R., 363
Premchand, M., 552
Pritchett, L., 417
Proanthocyanidins, 79t
Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (PIPRA), 397
Pusztai, A., 605
Pylypchuk, Y., 419
Quercetin, 78t
Quinoa, 119
Rainforest Alliance, 622
Rajoelina, A., 822
Ralston, K., 419
Ramesh, J., 57–58
Randall, D., 455
Ranney, C. K., 419
Rapeseed, canola biodiesel, 191–92
Rausser, G., 666
Ravalomanana, M., 822
Rebaudo, F., 116
Regmi, A., 796
Regulation of GMOs
attribute-price comparing consumers, 675
attribute-sensitive consumers, 675
comparative innovative advantage, 681–84
competing input suppliers, economic value to, 678
environmentalists, impacts on, 679–80
intellectual property rights (see intellectual property rights)
labeling and certification (see labeling and certification)
literature review, 665–67
livestock, impacts on, 676
organic operations, impacts on, 676
political economy generally, 664–65
price-sensitive consumers, 675
regulated economic agents impacts, 666
start-up companies, economic value to, 678
Richard, P., 461
Rifkin, J., 577
Rodell, M., 536
Rodrik, D., 628
Ronald Laboratory, 72
Roundup Ready soybeans, 70
Russia
anti-GMO activism, 607
climate change, 515
crop diversity, 382–83
food processing, 799–800
intellectual property rights, 383
preferred supplier direct relationships, 813–14
relative rate of assistance (RRA), 368f
transnational agrarian movements, 730
Sahel (Africa)
food, food aid as weapon, 778–79
food imports, 782
food provisioning dynamics, 774–75
global climate change, 786–87
market functions, 778
models, 783–86
oil political economy, 782
policy failures, 778
(p. 882)
political accountability, 778
poverty rates, 781–82
price spikes, 774–75
resiliency, 786–90
Sharia states, 782
social risk management, 786–90
staple food prices, 780–81
women's conditions, 782
Sahlins, M., 531
Sala-i-Maartin, X., 417
Sanford, J., 758
Sanger, M., 531
Saponins, 78t
Sassi, M., 453
Schiff, M., 138
Schlenker, W., 458
Schlüter, P., 746
Schultz, T. W., 364
Schwartz, P., 455
Scoones, I., 256
Seddon, D., 16
Segnit, N., 455
Serageldin, I., 91
Séralini, G.-E., 606–8
Seyfang, G., 648
Sheehy, J. E., 214
Shepherd, M., 460
Shome, S., 6
Slow Food movement, 718
Smallholder farmers. see also Africa
agricultural development strategies, 107–8
agriculture intensification, 105–6
agriculture reforms, 140–42
agroecological intensification (AEI) (see agroecological intensification (AEI))
anti-GMO activism, 762–67
best-fit solutions, 120–21
component interactions, 111–12
cropping systems design, 112
fertilizer usage, 109
green manures, 118
host genetic diversity, 116
innovation platforms, 121
intercropping, 113–15
mimic hypotheses, 112
modeling benefits, 116
perennials benefits, 111
performance trajectories, 106–7
pesticides, 113–14
soil, water management, 117–18
sustainable intensification, 108
transgenic resistance, 116–17
wild food interactions, 481
Smith, K., 526
Smithfield’s, 806
Smyth, N. F. B., 635
Snapp, S. S., 109
Somkhuan, M., 764
Soto, H. de, 257
Soybean biodiesel, 190–91
Soybean protein, 78t
Srinivas, R., 16
Starbucks, 628
Stedile, J. S., 267
Stein, A. J., 164
Stigler, G. J., 674
Stilbenes, 78t
Stinchcombe, A., 15
Stockholm Resilience Center, 788
Stoft, S., 466
Stolle, D., 651
Strauch, A. M., 489
Strauss, J., 411
Subramanian, S., 416
Subsidies
controversies in, 301–3
effectiveness studies, 320–23
farm (see farm subsidies)
feasibility of cash transfers, 313–14
free market model, 302
inflation, 319
malnutrition impacts, 415–16
market price, 319–20
self-selection, 318
social pacification, 322–23
statism model, 302
Sulfides, 79t
Sulphoraphane, 78t
Summers, L. H., 417
Swift, J., 786
Swinnen, J., 666
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
evidence, 206–7
integrated pest management (IPM), 218
intellectual property rights, 216
knowledge control, benefit, 219–20
methods, recommendations, 207–8
organic agriculture vs., 743
principles, 204–8
research evaluation, 220
research investments, 219
site-specific nutrient management (SSNM), 213
soil microorganisms, 208–11
Szuter, C. R., 477
Thailand
anti-GMO activism in, 762–65
biofuels in, 192
deforestation in, 489
packaged goods market share, 809–10
papaya in (see papaya)
Thies, J. E., 49
Thiols, 79t
Thomann, L., 400
Thomas, D., 411
Tilley, H., 783
Timmer, P., 24
Townsend, M. S., 419
Transcontainer Project, 706–7
TransFair USA, 628
Transgenics. see also biotechnology; GMOs
biodiversity reduction, 699–700
climate change, 73
co-existence policy, 701–4
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, 693
genetic use restriction technology (GURT), 706
GM crop adoption globally, 695
humans as vectors, 698–700
insecticides, 694
neighboring farms, gene flow to, 697–98
nitrogen uptake efficiency, 70
papaya (see papaya)
pharmaceutical-producing plants, 707
recoverable block of function (RBF), 706
seed purity, 696
terminology, 691
traits incorporated into, 47–48
Transcontainer Project, 706–7
Transnational collective action
anti-GMO activism (see anti-GMO activism)
inefficiency, undesirability, 725–27
MCAC (Movimiento Campesino a Campesino), 718
types, 718–19
(p. 885)
Traxler, G., 674
Trewavas, A., 89
Tuma, E., 264
Uauy, C., 82
United States
acreage in production, 691
anti-GMO activism in, 579
biocontainment, 705–6
biomass resources, 185–86
co-existence policy, 701–4
comparative innovative advantage, 681–84
corn ethanol, 187
crop yields, 71
food security, 27–28
food subsidies in, 311
GM crop adoption rate, 695
grass, cellulosic ethanol, 189–90
human vectors, 699
irrigation, 71
meat production, 508
per capita biomass consumption, 186
relative rate of assistance (RRA), 368f
soybean biodiesel, 190–91
urbanization, road area, 183
water entitlements trading, 466
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 835
Valdes, A., 138
Vandergeest, P., 743
Vanek, S., 109
Vavilov, N., 382–83
Vegetarianism, 245–48
Veldwisch, G. J., 256
Venter and Cohen, xxx, 222
Ver Ploeg, M., 419
Via Campesina, 10
Vietnam
agrifood industry (see agrifood industry)
Bt rice in, 48
food processing, 799–800
food subsidies impacts, 415–16
meat production, 508
SRI implementation in, 215
Villarooel, M., 457
Vilsak, T., 704
Vistive, 83
Walton, J., 16
Wambugu, F., 91
Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA), 72
Watson, D., 11
Weapons of the Weak (Scott), 15
White, D. M., 489
Whole grains, 77t
Wildavsky, A., 21
Wild foods
availability, use drivers, 488
climate change, 489
domestication historically, 477–78
economic value, 488
food security, 475–76
forest management, conservation, 493–94
habitat amendment, creation, 480t
harvesting, hunting, 479t
HIV/AIDS, 490–91
knowledge, understanding, 481
land use, 489–90
local ecological knowledge, 491–92
market expansion, 492–93
nutrient additions, 479t
nutritional value, 487
pest management, 480t
planting, 479t
socioeconomic change, 492–93
sustainable intensification, 494
unsustainable harvesting, 490
water management, 480t
Wilkerson, I., 525
Willenbockel, D., 455
Wolf, E., 15
Wolfowitz, P., 139
World Food Program, 774
Wrangham, R., 233
Xiang, N., 464
Xu, F., 464
Yamano, T., 421
Yang, J., 778
Young, T. E., 82
Younger, S. D., 415
Yuan Long-ping, 216
Zaghdoud, O., 461
Zeaxanthin, 77t
Zinc biofortification, 158–59t