This article addresses the national government of New York State. New York State policy and institutional innovations, and the state's role in sectional alliances and conflict, influenced other states and national politics from the beginning, as did New Yorkers in the three branches of the national government. New Yorkers and New York initiated political institutions and articulated related political ideas that sometimes spread to other states and to national politics. New Yorkers had the most effect in the executive branch from the late nineteenth century through the New Deal. Supreme Court consideration of New York State laws set the stage for major constitutional changes. The purposes, methods, and magnitude of New York's power have varied over time and across different institutions. In recent years, New York gives more than it gets, and has a diminished role in the federal system.