Social anxiety disorder and specific phobia are distinct disorders with distinct courses of illness, etiology, and prevalence rates. This chapter provides an overview of the treatment of social anxiety disorder and specific phobia, empirical support for their efficacy, and factors influencing outcome. For social anxiety disorder, cognitive behavioral therapy appears to be the best-established approach to treatment, and although social skills training as well as psychodynamic, interpersonal, and acceptance and commitment therapies may be beneficial, they require additional investigation. In the treatment of specific phobias, exposure emerges as the treatment of choice. There remains a significant lack of understanding regarding which treatments or combinations of treatments work best and whether individual differences or other variables lead to better treatment outcome.