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date: 13 October 2019

(p. 517) Index

(p. 517) Index

abuse, 248, 250–258
activism, 404, 449
Adler, Margot, 485, 489
Adamski, George, 419
Aetherius Society, 335, 338–340, 395
affiliation, 50, 55, 57. See also conversion
Aidala, Angela, 294–295
alcoholism, 496–497
Aletheon, The, 377
altered states of consciousness, 85
alternation, 58n1
alternative, 474, 478–480
al-Qaeda, 192
American Family Foundation (AFF), 119, 129–131, 133–135, 138–140, 219
American Religious Identification Survey, 75
ancient astronauts, 423
androcentrism, 289
anti-cult movement; ACM; anti-cultists, 56–57, 73, 117–140, 174–176, 178, 181, 219, 230, 248, 447
Angelucci, Orfeo, 419
Anthony, Dick, 152, 155, 160, 163, 166n4
apocalyptic worldviews, 190–191, 193
apostasy, 31, 50, 58n3, 389–390. See also deconversion
apparel, 380–381, 389
Applewhite, Marshall Herff, 426
Aquino, Michael, 444–446
Ariès, Philippe, 248–249
Arnold, Kenneth, 417
Art of Living Foundation, 73, 291
ascended masters, 418, 425
astrology, 322, 326
atheists and nonbelievers, 145
audience cults, 32
auditing; auditing therapy, 341
Aum Shinrikyo; Shoko Asahara, 36, 45, 138, 190, 192, 203, 406
authenticity, 436–437
authority, 87–88, 392
religious experience as providing, 366
Ayella, Marybeth, 89, 93
Baconianism, 281–282
Bailey, Alice, 408
Bainbridge, William Sims, 26, 28, 32
Ballard, Guy, and Edna, 418
Baptists, 33
Barbour, John D., 52
Barker, Eileen, 28, 32–33, 152, 164, 166n6, 306, 312
Barkun, Michael, 199, 202–206, 208
Barton, Blanche, 447
Battle of Batoche, 512
Battle of Fallen Timbers, 500
Battle of Point Pleasant, 500
Battle of the Thames, 502
Bauman, Zygmunt, 326
Baumrind, Diana, 250, 258
Becker, Howard, 19
Beckford, James A., 152, 156–157, 159, 164, 166n6, 222, 225
Bell, Catherine, 324
Berg, David, 40–41, 373, 407
Berger, Helen, 321, 489, 491
Berger, Peter L., 315, 318, 321, 326
Besant, Annie, 408, 460
Bethurum, Truman, 419
Bhagavad-Gītā As It Is, 372
Bird, Fred, 166n6
Black, Donald, 160–161
Black Fish, 500
Black Hoof, 500
Black Sabbath; Black Mass, 211
Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna, 418, 450–461
(p. 518) Bogdan, Henrik, 466n4
Book of Daniel, 511
Book of Jeraneck, The, 375
Book of Mormon, The, 361–362, 374–375, 377
Bouma, Gary, 165
Bourdieu, Pierre, 457
Braco Movement, 335, 343–344
Brahma Kumaris, 410
brainwashing; mind control, 25, 56–57, 86–87, 124, 126, 128, 136, 138, 174–182, 200–202, 208, 218, 248, 257, 447
and charisma, 37
Branch Davidians; Waco assault, 138, 188–190, 202, 222–223, 226, 229, 308, 314
branding, 273–274
definition of, 273
and reputation management, 273
Bromley, David G., 22–23, 54–55, 152, 155, 159, 163
Bruce, Steve, 315
Budapest, Z. (Zsuzsanna Emese Mokcsay), 485–486
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, The (ATF), 222–223, 226, 229
Butler, Judith, 304, 312
Campbell, Colin, 61–62, 65, 316–317, 323–324, 327, 466n3
Campbell, Joseph, 350
Canada, 502, 509–512
Confederation of Canada, 509
French-Canada, 510
Manitoba, 509, 511
Quebec, 509–510
Capra, Fritjof, 317
Castaneda, Carlos, 432, 438
Catholicism; Catholic Church, 26–27, 31, 322, 324, 336, 393, 508–511
Catlin, George, 502
censuses; census data, 75, 291
Chaitanya, 398
change, aspirations for, 404–405
charisma, 392
defined, 36–37
instability of, 43, 44
and leader’s personal “powers,” 37, 41
role of followers, 41–42
role of personal experience and, 43–44
routinization of, 44–46, 394
ways of stabilizing, 46–47
charismatic authority, 36
and crisis, 37
endemic problems of, 44
and personal aura of power, 43
personal experience as modifier and amplifier of, 40
respect for, as learned behavior, 42
strategies for preservation of, 39
and violence, 38
charismatic bond, 37, 43, 46–47
and followers’ influence, 41
importance of context in, 43
interactive nature of, 39, 44
variations in, 42
charismatic cycle, 38, 40, 47
charismatic groups, 94
charismatic leader, 191, 248, 255
charismatization, 38, 41
defined, 42
demonstrated, 43
Chidester, David, 306, 312
children, 248–258
Children of God (aka The Family; The Family International), 28, 40–41, 122, 125–126, 227, 250, 252, 308, 310, 313–314, 407, 421
chiliasm. See millennialism
Christ, New Age approach of, 401
Christianity; Christian; Christendom, 288–289, 337–338, 398, 496, 502–504, 510
Christian Charismatic, 62
Christian countercult
constituency, 145, 148
distinct from secular anticult, 145, 146–147
function of, 145, 148–149
Christian science, 227, 282
church, 18–20
church coffee, 386–389
Church of All Worlds, 242–243, 246, 325
Church of Satan, 213, 441–454
Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, 31
Church of the SubGenius, 239, 244
Church of World Messianity. See Sekai Kyusei Kyo
church-sect, 17, 19, 21–23
Church Universal and Triumphant (CUT), 39
(p. 519) Citizens Freedom Foundation (CFF) 119, 128, 132–134, 137
client cults, 32
Clifton, Chas, 486–487
cognitive dissonance, 53
compensators, 28, 30–34
conspiracy theory, 144, 147, 198–208
conspirituality, 204–205
contactees, 418–419, 424
Continuing Anglican Movement, 27
conversion, 25–35, 50–52, 57, 389
causal model of, 51
and the conversion career, 55–56, 63
counterculture, 442–445, 451
Covenant of the Goddess, 77
Creator, 499, 501–503
Creme, Benjamin, 401, 403, 408
Crowley, Aleister, 362, 445, 461–463, 466n6
cult apologist, 131, 175, 219
Cult Awareness Network (CAN), 119, 129–135, 137–140, 219
cult controversy, 56–57, 73, 174, 178
cult leaders, 230
cultic milieu, 61–62, 65–66, 69, 323–324
Cusack, Carole, 31, 237–240, 242, 244–246
cyberspirituality, 269
Dalai Lama, 34
Dallam, Marie W., 385
Darby, John Nelson, 462
Davidsen, Markus Altena, 239–240, 242–246
Davis, Andrew Jackson, 459
Davis, Rennie, 404
Dawson, Lorne, 28–29, 292
De Beauvior, Simone, 288
deconversion, 50–52, 56, 58n3. See also disaffiliation
defection, 53–55, 248, 251, 256. See also disaffiliation
Deganawidah, 504–506
denomination, 20
deprogramming; deprogrammers, 57, 120, 127, 129, 131–137, 176, 180–181, 187
Desroche, Henri, 402–403
Deveney, John Patrick, 459–460
DeWitt, John, 160
Dianetics, 342
digital formations, 267
disaffiliation, 50–59
and apostates, 55, 58
combinative approaches to, 55–56
conceptualization of, 50–51
and defection, 53–55
and disidentification, 53
and methodology, 57–58
processual approaches to, 53–54
role theory approaches to, 54–55
and whistleblowers, 55
See also deconversion
Discordianism, 206–207, 209, 239, 242–244, 324
disenchantment, 121, 315–316, 318, 326–327
dissociation, 85–86, 88, 93
Divine Light Mission, 227, 404, 406
Divine Principle, 372–373
Doctrine and Covenants, 374
dramatic denouements, 189, 191
Druidry, 483–485
DSM-III, 85
DSM-IV, 85–86, 93–94
Durham, Cole, 153, 157–158, 166n11
Durkheim, Émile, 29, 32, 37, 349
and “cult of man,” 46
Duvert, Cyril, 159, 164
Earthspirit Community, 77
Eastern religious practices, 85, 89–91
Ebaugh, Helen Rose, 52–53, 165n1
Eddy, Mary Baker, 283–284
Christian Science healing and, 284
understandings of science, 283–284
Edelman, Bryan, 155, 158, 165
education, 255
Eliade, Mircea, 288, 359, 432, 437–438
Ellwood, Robert, 485
endogenous (internal) factors, 189
entrepreneurs, religious, 366–367
Episcopalians/Anglicans, 32
ETI (extraterrestrially inspired) religions, 421–422
Eucharist, 336, 337
Euroamerican, 496–499, 501–504, 506–507, 510, 512
(p. 520) Evans, Carolyn, 156
everyday religion, 289
exemplary dualism, 188
exogenous (external) factors, 189
Exovedate, 512
expansion/consolidation development moment, 100–101, 106–110
extraterrestrial beings, 338, 417–427
as space brothers, 419, 425
as technological angels, 425
as the Elohim of the Raëlian religion, 423–426
history of claimed contacts with, 418–419
wihin Heaven's Gate, 426
within Mormonism, 421
within Scientology, 422
Faivre, Antoine, 455, 466n1
Falun Gong, 193, 336
Farrar, Janet, and Stewart, 455
Fautré, Willy, 157, 166n9
FBI, 133, 222
female gurus, 293
feminist scholarship, 288–289
feminist spirituality, 352–353
fiction-based religions, 237, 239, 242–244, 246
Flinn, Frank, 153
flirty fishing, 309
flying saucers, 417–419, 421, 425–426
folk devils, 230
food, 380, 385–389
Forman, Robert, 360
Foundation for Shamanic Studies, 432, 434
Freemasonry, 457–458, 460, 466n4
French and Indian War, 500
Freud, Sigmund, 84
Frisk, Liselotte, 290
Fry, Daniel, 419
fundamentalism, 295
Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (FLDS), 307–308, 311–314
Galanter, Marc, 94
Gallagher, Eugene, 166n3
Gardner, Gerald, 240, 484–485, 463–465
Gaup, Ailo, 433–434, 437, 439
Geertz, Clifford, 57
gender binary, 293
genesis of presence, 383
Ghost Dance, 496–499, 506–508, 512
global commodity-chains, 385, 389
Goddess, 294
Goodwin, Megan, 289
gender roles, 90
Gill, Matthew Philip, 374–375
Gilmore, Peter H., 447, 449–450
Ginsburg, Gerald, 163
gnosis, 455, 457, 466n1
Gnosticon, The, 377
Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas, 455
Gooren, Henri, 55–56
Great American Cult Scare, 118
Greaves, Lucien; Doug Mesner, 449
Guru Nanak, 398
Guttman, Jeremiah, 153
Hadith, 398
hagiography; doctrinal, mythological hagiography, 392–393
Hammer, Olav, 280, 456, 466n5
appeals to experience, 280
appeals to rationality and science, 280
appeals to tradition, 280
on science in NRMs, 280
Hanegraaff, Wouter J., 455, 457, 466
Hardman, Charlotte, 155
Hare, Robert, 283
Hare Krishna; ISKCON (International Society for Krishna Consciousness), 26, 28–30, 67, 73, 75, 122, 181, 227, 248, 255, 263, 349, 372
Harner, Michael, 432–434, 437–439
Harvey, Graham, 27, 486–487, 490, 492
Heathenry, 489–490
Heaven’s Gate, 31, 138, 182, 190, 325, 424, 426
Heelas, Paul, 62, 316–317, 327
Hervieu-Leger, Danielle, 164
Hiawatha, 505
higher self, 457–458, 461
Hill, Michael, 165
(p. 521) Hippie movement, 443
Hodgson, Richard, 461
Hofstadter, Richard, 198, 204, 209
holism; holistic, 469–470, 472, 474, 478, 480
A Holy Sacred, and Divine Roll and Book; from the Lord God of Heaven, to the Inhabitants of Earth, 375–376
Holy Wine Ceremony, 337
home, 389
home schooling, 253–254, 256
homophobia, 304, 309–11
homosexuality; same sex desire, 309–311, 313
Hubbard, Ron L., 394–395, 399
Human Potentials Movement, 470
Hume, Lynne, 165
Hunter, Edward, 124, 176–177
Hutton, Ronald, 466n7
hyper-real, 238–239, 242–245, 247
hyper-real religion, 271, 324
definitions of, 271–272
and commodity culture, 272
I AM movement, 418
identity (religious), 52–53, 55, 58n1
Indian Shaker Church, 497
information terrorism, 273–274
Initial Discovery development moment, 100–102, 110
initiation, 457–458, 464–465, 466n4
institutionalization, 344
International Social Studies Programme, 75, 79
Internet, 239
Paganism on, 488
Internet, histories of, 268–270
alternative histories, 268
apocalyptic, 270
counterculture, 269
and New Age spirituality, 269
Introvigne, Massimo, 157, 159, 163–164, 166n9, 10, 456, 466n4
invention, 237–246
Ireland, Roland, 165
Iroquois Confederacy, 504
Islam; Islamic groups, 192–193, 398
James, William, 25, 359–360
Japan, new religions in, 410
Jedi/Jediism, 25, 238, 241, 243, 247
Jehovah’s Witnesses, 29–31, 51, 227, 335, 337–338
Jesus, 342, 393, 398, 504, 511–512
Jesus People, 406–407
Jews; Judaism, 26–28, 32
Jews for Jesus, 28
Johnson, Benton, 22
Jonestown; Peoples Temple, 36, 126, 182, 187–192, 201–202, 209, 227
Judge, William Q., 461
Kali Yuga, 409
Kalki Avatara, 409
Kalki Bhagavan, 409
Kardec, Allan, 459
Katz, Steven, 359–360
Kendal; Kendal study, 62, 78, 319, 471–472
Keane, Webb, 380–381
Kilbourne, Brock, 155, 166n4
King, George, 339, 395
King, Ursula, 288
Kisala, Robert, 158
Kisser, Cynthia, 133, 138
Koresh, David, 309
Krakauer, Jon, 307
Krishnamurti, Jiddu, 408
Krylova, Galina, 164
Lanternari, Vittorio, 497–498, 508
adaptive movements, 498, 506, 508, 512
hostile movements, 498, 506, 508–509, 512
Latter-day Saints; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; Mormons, 26, 29, 143, 309, 312–314, 361–362, 394, 421
Mormon fundamentalism, 295
LaVey, Anton Szandor, 441–447, 450
Leadbeater, Charles W., 336
Lee, Gloria, 419
legitimation strategy, 280
three types of, 280–281
legitimation strategies of charismatic leaders, 40–41
Lepage, Martin, 294
(p. 522) Lewis, James R., 56–57, 155, 279, 290–291
science typology for NRMs, 279–280
Liberal Catholic Church, 336
Lifton, Robert J., 124, 177–178
Lincoln, Bruce, 456
Lofland, John, 51–52
“Lord of the Universe” (documentary film), 404
Lykes, Valerie, 156
magic, 33
Magliocco, Sabina, 489
Maharaj Ji, Guru, 403–404, 406
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, 340, 395–398, 410
Mahatmas, 458, 461–462
Mahikari, 405
Maitreya the Christ, 401, 403, 411
male continence; onanism, 309
Malleus Maleficarum, 212
Manchurian Candidate, The, 178–179
Marian apparitions, 192
marriage, 30
Martin, Dorothy; Marian Keech, 425
Martyr; Martyrdom operations, 193, 393
mass suicide, 227
Master of Life, 498–501
Mata Amritanandamayi (Amma), 293
material
mediation, 383–384, 387
turn, 380–381
material perspectives
as responses to idealism and pathologization, 381–382
on agency, 382–383
on socialization, 384
Matrixism, 324
Mayan calendar (December 21, 2012), 409, 411
McClenon, James, 360
McDannell, Colleen, 380, 384–385
McMartin preschool case, 215
media supersaturation, 267, 270
Melton, J. Gordon, 22–23, 26, 155, 248
membership, 444, 446–448
Menger, Howard, 419
Mesmer, Franz Anton, 459
Messiah Letter, 498
Messianic figures, 403, 408
metaphysical religions, 281–282
methodological naturalism, 240
Meyer, Birgit, 380–384, 389
Michelle Rememebers, 212, 214
Mickler, Michael, 155
Mikaelsson, Lisbeth, 288–289
millennialism, 190–191, 338–339, 495
and hope, 402–403
and millenarianism, 411
Christian roots of, 402
mobilizing role of, 405
premillennialism, 403
progressive millennialism; postmillennialism, 403
totalitarian movements as secular, 403
millennium
and peace, 403–404, 406–407
as transitional period or final stage, 403
expectations related to, 402–403, 405
meaning of, 402
representations of, 405
Millennium 1973 in Houston, 403–404
Miller, Daniel, 381–383, 390
Mind-Body-Spirit Festival, London, 76
mind–matter dichotomy, 381
Miscavige, David, 405
mission/evangelism, 25, 29
MK-Ultra, 218
MO letters, 373–374
Modern Chan Society
and responsible charisma, 46
monument, 449
Moon, Sun Myung, 41–42, 337, 372, 396, 407–408
Mooney, James, 498
moral panic, 229–230, 305, 313
Morgan, David, 380, 384, 389
Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God, 192
movement milieus, 66
Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness (MSIA), 73, 353–354
Muhammad, 398
Mullins, Mark, 158, 165
multiple personality disorder, 218
Murray, Margaret A., 464
mysticism, 359
(p. 523) Myth, 346–355
definition of, 346–347
leader as myth, 353
myth-ritual link, 349
Nadramia, Peggy, 447
narcissism, 91
narrative, 240, 245–246
Nation of Islam, 309, 313, 422
National Survey of Religious Identification, 75
Native American, 495–499, 502–504, 507, 509, 510
Algonquian, 502
Arapaho, 508
assimilation of, 496
Cherokee, 496
Cheyenne, 508
Comanche, 508
Crow, 508
Delaware, 499, 502, 513
Kickapoo, 497, 501
Kiowa, 508
Metis, 508–513
Miamis, 501
oppression of, 510, 512
Pawnee, 508
Sacs, 501
Shawnee, 498–504
Shoshoni, 508
Sioux, 507–508
Winnebagos, 501
Native American prophets
Handsome Lake, 497, 503–506
Isatal, 497
Jake Hunt, 497
John Slocum, 497–498
John Wilson, 497, 506
Josiah Francis, 497
Kenekuk, 497
Kolaskin, 497
Louis “David” Riel, 508–513
Main Poc, 497
Neolin, 497–498
Smohalla, 497
Tecumseh, 497, 499–500, 502
Tenskwatawa, 497–504, 506
Wodziwob, 497
Wovoka, 496, 498, 506–508, 512
Native American prophet religions, 495–497, 509
Neo-Pentecostalism, 386–389
Nettles, Bonnie Lu, 426
New Age, 27, 32, 50, 60, 62, 64, 74–79, 121, 342, 408–409, 411, 457–458, 462, 465, 469–481
concept of, 470, 473
first wave, 469–471
second wave, 469, 471–472
third wave, 469, 471, 472–477
sensu lato, 470
sensu stricto, 470
New Religious Movement development, 98, 100
New Religious Movement founders, 102–103, 105–107
New Religious Movement resource mobilization, 108
New Religious Movement ritual development, 108
New Religious Movement sacred narratives, 106
New Religious Movement transition moment, 110
New Social Movement theory, 64
New Thought, 470
Newbrough, John Ballou, 370
Nichiren Shoshu, 26
Niebuhr, H. Richard, 18
Norman, Ernest and Ruth, 425
North Korean prisoners of war, 124, 177
Northwest Rebellion, 509
Oahspe, 370–371
occult revival, 442–443
occultism, 457, 459–461, 463, 465, 483–484
occulture, 62, 314–332
Ododarhoh, 505
Okada, Mokichi, 410
Oklahoma, 449
Olcott, Henry Steel, 460
Oneness University, 409
online religion, 264–266
Operation Mindfuck, 206
Opus Dei, 28
Order of Christ Sophia, 57, 73
(p. 524) Order of the Star of the East, 408
organizational startups, 99–100
Pagans; Paganism; Neo-Paganism, 26–27, 67, 76, 292–294, 482–494
definition of, 482–483
feminism in, 484–486
methodology in the study of, 485, 487–488
racism in, 483, 489–490
Pagan Census, 77
Palmer, Susan, 155, 292, 296
Pan-Indianism, 497
paranoia, 85
paranormal, 319–322, 324, 326
parapsychology, 323
parenting styles, 248, 250–251, 258
parody religion, 239, 244
Partridge, Christopher, 62
Patrick, Ted, 127
Pearl of Great Price, 374
Pelley, William Dudley, 418
Pentecostals, 30, 64
philosophy of technology, 265, 267–268
Pike, Sarah M., 293–294
play, 243–246
plausibility structure, 323–324
polygyny, 307–308
polytheism, 491
Pontiac’s Rebellion, 497
Pope John XXIII, 27
Possamai, Adam, 238–239, 243–245, 247
post-involvement attitudes, 50, 56–57
Prabhupada, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami, 372
pre-Christian religions, 437
Probert, Mark, 418
Prophet, Elizabeth Clare, 38, 43
and routinization of charisma, 45–46
Protestant; Protestantism, 25–26
psychic surgery, 363–364
psychology, 84–97, 470, 474
of Vision, 77
psychopathology, 86–87, 91–92, 94
Public Sphere Entry development moment, 100, 103–107, 110
quantitative studies, 72–80, 290–291
queer, 293–294
Raël/Raelian religion, 31, 398–399, 419, 423–426
Rajneesh, Bhagwan Shree (Osho), 41, 73, 89–91, 128, 227, 293, 309, 362
Reader, Ian, 165
reality-maintenance, 145, 147–149
recovered memory therapy, 218
rejected knowledge, 317
Religious and Moral Pluralism study, 79
religious and spiritual problems, 86, 94
religious experience, 25, 28, 33
religious startups, 99
revelation, 102–103
revitalization movements, 121
Richardson, James T., 51–53, 153–160, 162–166n4, 6–9, 248, 252–255
Ringgren, Helmer, 240–241, 247
rituals; ritualization, 294, 335
Robbins, Thomas, 152, 155, 163, 166n4, 10
Roberts, Jane, 362
Robertson, David, 205–206, 209
Roof, Wake Clarke, 61, 69
Rothstein, Mikael, 164, 466n5
routinization of charisma, Weber’s theory of, 38–39
difficulties of, 44–46
and followers support for, 44
Rubin, Gayle, 304–306, 313
saint, 393
Saliba, John, 166n4
Salomonsen, Jone, 289–290, 486–488
Samraj, Adi Da, 377–378
Sanders, Alex, 464–465
Sangharakshita, 27
Satanic Bible, The, 213
satanic milieu, 66, 441–442, 447–448, 450–451
satanic panic, 230, 442, 446–447
satanic ritual abuse, 202, 210–221
Satanic Temple, 449
Satanism, 75, 291–292, 441–454
atheistic/rationalistic Satanism, 441, 450–451
esoteric/theistic Satanism, 441, 448, 450–451
reactive Satanism, 450–451
Sathya Sai Baba, 396
(p. 525) Saul/Paul of Tarsus, 25–26
Schoen, Brigitte, 164
science, 278
as a body of truth, 279
as legitimizing discourse, 280
as a method of investigation, 279
as part of creating religious life, 279
Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, 284, 378
science fiction, 325
scientific discourses, 280
historical and theoretical context of, 280–281
Scientology, 28, 33, 51, 56, 73, 75, 122, 135, 139–140, 178, 227, 291–292, 335, 341–342, 347, 380, 389–390, 394–395, 398, 405, 422
and the Xenu narrative, 422
Scott, Joan, 295–296
scripture, 370–372, 376–378
Second Advent, 510
Second Coming: Satanism in America, The, (Arthur Lyons), 443–444
second generation, 248, 251, 253
secrecy, 456–468
secret masters, 458, 461, 462
sect, 20, 117
sectarian milieu, 60, 65–66, 69
secularization, 315–316, 318, 326, 470, 473, 477
seekership; seeking, 62, 65, 68–69, 471
Seiwert, Hubert, 157, 164, 166n9
Sekai Kyusei Kyo, 410
self-discovery, 27, 34
sensational forms, 383–384, 389
September 11 attacks, 192–193
serial alternatives, 63
Seventh-day Adventists, 309, 314
sex typology, 292–293, 296
sexual morality, 27
sexual stereotyping, 291
sexuality, 291
sexuality studies, 303–304, 311
subjectivization, 318–320, 327
shamanism, 431–440
Shamanistic Association, 431, 434–437
Shoemaker, Jennifer, 156
Shterin, Marat, 158, 164
Shupe, Anson, 54, 152, 155, 159, 163
Siddhartha Gautama, 398
Sikhs/Sikhism, 30
Simmel, Georg, 457
Simpsons, The, 229
Sinnet, A. P., 461
skepticism and religious experience, 364
Skonovd, L. Norman, 53–54
Smith, Joseph, 361–362, 394, 398
Smith, J. Z., 306, 314
social movement, 118–119
social movement economy (SMECO), 120, 133
social movement environment (SME), 119, 133
social movement industry (SMI), 119
social movement organization (SMO), 119, 120
social movement participant (SMP), 119
socialization, 250–251, 255, 258
sociologization, 476
Soka Gakkai International, 27–28, 73
Solar Temple; Order of the Solar Temple, 88, 138, 189–190
SPIN theory, 64
spiritualism, 456, 458–460, 466, 470
spirituality, 469–481
self-spirituality, 469–470, 476
spiritual revolution, 472–473, 479–480
Star Wars, 238, 243
Starhawk (Miriam Simos), 486
Stark, Rodney, 26, 28, 32, 51–52, 162
statistics, 72–80
Steiner, Rudolph, 362
Stewart, Mary W., 166n4
Stewart, Philemon, 375–376
stirpiculture; eugenics, 309
“stream of controversies,” 227
Strang, James J., 365
Strangite movement, 365
Straus, Roger, 163
Streib, Heinz, 52
Strmiska, Michael, 490
structural availability, 28–31
Stuckrad, Kocku von, 455
suffering, 32–33
Sufism, 29
Sutcliffe, Steven, 63–64, 68–69
Swantko, Jean, 157, 166n9
Swedenborg, Emanuel, 418, 459
Syncretism, 239–241, 244, 247
(p. 526) Tabor, James, 166n3
Taves, Ann, 360
television, 74
Temple of Set, 444–446, 448
Thelema, 362
Theosophy; Theosophical Society, 335–336, 418, 457–458, 460–463, 466n5, 470, 475, 478
legacy of, 401, 408
messianic dimension, 408
therapy, 85, 90, 92
third space, 265, 267–268
definitions of, 267
thought reform, 176–178
Tong, James, 165
totalitarian; ideological totalism, 177–178
trance, 85–86
Transcendental Meditation, 28, 68, 122, 227, 335, 340, 396, 404–405, 410
Treaty of Paris, 500
Treaty of Greenville, 500
Triratna (Friends of the Western Buddhist Order), 27, 30
Troeltsch, Ernst, 18
Turner, Victor, 392
TV cults, 228
Twelve Tribes Communities, the, 257, 254
UFOs; UFO-religions, 27, 143–144, 121–122, 138, 324–325, 417, 419–424
and euhemerism, 423
and the Family, 421
and the Nation of Islam, 422
and science, 423–424
and the appropriation of the Bible, 423
as folklore narratives, 421
Christian interpretations of, 422
history of alleged observations of, 417–418
in relation to ETI religions, 421–422
J. Allen Hynek definition of, 420
millenarian aspects of, 424–426
ultramontanism, 510
Unarius Academy of Science, 351–352, 419, 424–425
flying saucer, 351
past life, 351–352
Unification Church; Family Federation; Moonies, 26, 28, 33, 51, 54, 73, 89, 122, 127–128, 180–182, 227, 248, 295, 309, 335, 337, 396, 405, 407–408
Ukrainian Native Faith, 490–491
Urban, Hugh B., 456, 457
Value-Added Model of Newsworthiness, 228
van Driel, Barend, 156
van Tassel, George, 419
Varieties of Religious Experience, The, 359
Vásquez, Manuel A., 380, 382, 385, 389
Vedanta, 30
Vera, Diane, 448
Versluis, Arthur, 455
Village Enlightenment, 280–282
visions, 25, 27, 33
Wallace, Anthony F. C., 504
Wallis, Roy, 22
War of 1812, 496
Warner, Lyle, 160
Weber, Max, 18, 36–38, 44, 121, 315, 318, 327, 392
charisma defined by, 36–37
and routinization of charisma, 44
and types of authority, 40–41
Wessinger, Catherine, 166n3
Western esotericism, 455–468, 470, 477, 478
Westernization, 29–30, 33–34
Whistleblowers, 55
Witchcraft, 352, 458, 463–465, 466n7
Winner, Langdon, 267
women, ordination of, 27
World Values Study, 75, 79
Wounded Knee Massacre, 496, 498, 508
Wright, Stuart, 166n3, 7
Yearning for Zion Ranch, 307–308, 311, 313
Yinger, J. Milton, 19
youth crisis theory, 295
Zell, Tim, 242–243, 247
Zen Buddhism, 26
Zoroastrians, 30