- Copyright Page
- Oxford Handbooks in Neuroscience
- Editorial Board
- About the Editor
- Contributors
- Preface
- Recent Trends in Invertebrate Neuroscience
- The Divergent Evolution of Arthropod Brains: Ground Pattern Organization and Stability Through Geological Time
- Development of the Nervous System of Invertebrates
- Invertebrate Genomics Provide Insights Into the Origin of Synaptic Transmission
- Genetics of Behavior in <i>C. elegans</i>
- Genetic Analysis of Behavior in <i>Drosophila</i>
- Cnidarian Neurobiology
- Flatworm Neurobiology in the Postgenomic Era
- Morphology of Invertebrate Neurons and Synapses
- Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides of Invertebrates
- Auditory Systems of <i>Drosophila</i> and Other Invertebrates
- Motion Vision in Arthropods
- Chemosensory Transduction in Arthropods
- Magnetoreception of Invertebrates
- Rhythmic Pattern Generation in Invertebrates
- The Feeding Network of <i>Aplysia</i>: Features That Are Distinctive and Shared With Other Molluscs
- Control of Locomotion in Hexapods
- Neural Control of Swimming in Nudipleura Molluscs
- Control of Locomotion in Annelids
- Control of Locomotion in Crustaceans
- Motor Control in Soft-Bodied Animals: The Octopus
- Nonassociative Learning in Invertebrates
- Associative Learning in Invertebrates
- The Vertical Lobe of Cephalopods: A Brain Structure Ideal for Exploring the Mechanisms of Complex Forms of Learning and Memory
- Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration and Regeneration: Lessons Learned From Invertebrates
- Evolution and Design of Invertebrate Circadian Clocks
- Neurobiology of Reproduction in Molluscs: Mechanisms and Evolution
- Search Strategies for Intentionality in the Honeybee Brain
- Identifying Critical Genes, Neurotransmitters, and Circuits for Social Behavior in Invertebrates
- Rapid Neural Polyphenism in Cephalopods: Current Understanding and Future Challenges
- Index
Abstract and Keywords
Motor Control is essentially the computations required for producing coordinated sequences of commands from the controlling system (i.e., nervous system) to the actuation system (i.e., muscles) to generate efficient motion. The level of motor control complexity depends on the number of free parameters (degrees of freedom) that have to be coordinated. This number is much smaller in skeletal animals because they have a rather limited number of joints. In soft bodied animals, like the octopus, this number is virtually infinite. Here we show that the efficient motor control system of the octopus uses solutions that are very different from those of articulated animals, and it involves embodied co-evolution of the unique morphology together with the organization of the nervous and muscular systems to enable control strategies that are best suited for a highly active soft-bodied animal like the octopus.
Keywords: Soft-body, Motor Control, Motor Program, goal directed movements, locomotion, Mollusks, Cephalopods, Octopus, Embodied Evolution
Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
Nir Nesher, The School for Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Israel
IIT Italian Institute of Technology Neuro-Synaptic Dept (NSYN) Genova, Italy
Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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- Copyright Page
- Oxford Handbooks in Neuroscience
- Editorial Board
- About the Editor
- Contributors
- Preface
- Recent Trends in Invertebrate Neuroscience
- The Divergent Evolution of Arthropod Brains: Ground Pattern Organization and Stability Through Geological Time
- Development of the Nervous System of Invertebrates
- Invertebrate Genomics Provide Insights Into the Origin of Synaptic Transmission
- Genetics of Behavior in <i>C. elegans</i>
- Genetic Analysis of Behavior in <i>Drosophila</i>
- Cnidarian Neurobiology
- Flatworm Neurobiology in the Postgenomic Era
- Morphology of Invertebrate Neurons and Synapses
- Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides of Invertebrates
- Auditory Systems of <i>Drosophila</i> and Other Invertebrates
- Motion Vision in Arthropods
- Chemosensory Transduction in Arthropods
- Magnetoreception of Invertebrates
- Rhythmic Pattern Generation in Invertebrates
- The Feeding Network of <i>Aplysia</i>: Features That Are Distinctive and Shared With Other Molluscs
- Control of Locomotion in Hexapods
- Neural Control of Swimming in Nudipleura Molluscs
- Control of Locomotion in Annelids
- Control of Locomotion in Crustaceans
- Motor Control in Soft-Bodied Animals: The Octopus
- Nonassociative Learning in Invertebrates
- Associative Learning in Invertebrates
- The Vertical Lobe of Cephalopods: A Brain Structure Ideal for Exploring the Mechanisms of Complex Forms of Learning and Memory
- Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration and Regeneration: Lessons Learned From Invertebrates
- Evolution and Design of Invertebrate Circadian Clocks
- Neurobiology of Reproduction in Molluscs: Mechanisms and Evolution
- Search Strategies for Intentionality in the Honeybee Brain
- Identifying Critical Genes, Neurotransmitters, and Circuits for Social Behavior in Invertebrates
- Rapid Neural Polyphenism in Cephalopods: Current Understanding and Future Challenges
- Index
