- [UNTITLED]
- Preface
- Table of Cases
- Notes on the Contributors
- Introduction: Towards A Global History Of International Law
- Peoples and Nations
- States: Rise and Decline of the Primary Subjects of the International Community
- Peace Treaties and the Formation of International Law
- Minorities and Majorities
- <i>Hostes humani generis</i>: Pirates, Slavers, and Other Criminals
- International Arbitration and Courts
- International Organizations: Between Technocracy and Democracy
- Peace Movements, Civil Society, and the Development of International Law
- Territory and Boundaries
- Cosmopolis and Utopia
- Peace and War
- Religion and Religious Intervention
- The Protection of the Individual in Times of War and Peace
- Trade, Chartered Companies, and Mercantile Associations
- The Sea
- Africa north of the sahara and arab countries
- Africa
- Ottoman Empire
- China
- Japan
- India
- North America: American Exceptionalism In International Law
- Latin America
- The Caribbean
- From the Late Middle Ages to the Peace of Westphalia
- From The Peace Of Westphalia To The Congress Of Vienna
- From the Congress of Vienna To the Paris Peace Treaties of 1919
- From the Paris Peace Treaties to the End of the Second World War
- China–Europe
- Japan–Europe
- India–Europe
- Russia–Europe
- North American Indigenous Peoples’ Encounters
- Diplomacy
- Discovery, Conquest, and Occupation of Territory
- Colonialism and Domination
- Slavery
- The Civilized and the Uncivilized
- A History of International Law Histories
- Doctrine Versus State Practice
- The Periodization of the History of International Law
- The Reception of Ancient Legal Thought in Early Modern International Law
- Eurocentrism in the History of International Law
- Identifying Regions in the History of International Law
- Muhammad Al-Shaybānī (749/50–805)
- Francisco De Vitoria (1483–1546) and Francisco Suárez (1548–1617)
- Alberico Gentili (1552–1608)
- Hugo Grotius (1583–1645)
- Samuel Pufendorf (1632–1694)
- Christian Wolff (1679–1754)
- Cornelius Van Bynkershoek (1673–1743)
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778)
- Emer De Vattel (1714–1767)
- Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831)
- Henry Wheaton (1785–1848)
- Francis Lieber (1798–1872)
- Bertha Von Suttner (1843–1914)
- Friedrich Fromhold Von Martens (Fyodor Fyodorovich Martens) (1845–1909)
- Lassa Oppenheim (1858–1919)
- Max Huber (1874–1960)
- Georges Scelle (1878–1961)
- Hans Kelsen (1881–1973)
- Carl Schmitt (1888–1985)
- Hersch Lauterpacht (1897–1960)
- Index
Abstract and Keywords
This chapter argues that international law as such did not exist in medieval European history as a codified legal norm as it did from 1648 onwards. The search for normativity in international political and diplomatic communication was a major political objective throughout the whole Middle Ages, from the Carolingian period up to the 15th century. At all times, practical challenges came first and theories on international normativities always followed practice. The instruments of a symbolic culture at the courts were useful to practically organize international diplomacy, as for instance during meetings between princes or at ceremonies of reception. To be a sovereign prince meant not to accept any superiors. Finally, sovereign princes could not accept the emperor’s nor the pope’s, nor anyone else’s superiority, but only an idea of an a priori and superior universal normativity.
Keywords: International law, medieval European history, diplomatic communication, international diplomacy, superior universal normativity, sovereign princes
Martin Kintzinger is Professor of Medieval History at the University of Munster, Germany. His main focus of research is on the history of schooling and universities, of international relations and foreign policies, and the history of France in the late Middle Ages.
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- [UNTITLED]
- Preface
- Table of Cases
- Notes on the Contributors
- Introduction: Towards A Global History Of International Law
- Peoples and Nations
- States: Rise and Decline of the Primary Subjects of the International Community
- Peace Treaties and the Formation of International Law
- Minorities and Majorities
- <i>Hostes humani generis</i>: Pirates, Slavers, and Other Criminals
- International Arbitration and Courts
- International Organizations: Between Technocracy and Democracy
- Peace Movements, Civil Society, and the Development of International Law
- Territory and Boundaries
- Cosmopolis and Utopia
- Peace and War
- Religion and Religious Intervention
- The Protection of the Individual in Times of War and Peace
- Trade, Chartered Companies, and Mercantile Associations
- The Sea
- Africa north of the sahara and arab countries
- Africa
- Ottoman Empire
- China
- Japan
- India
- North America: American Exceptionalism In International Law
- Latin America
- The Caribbean
- From the Late Middle Ages to the Peace of Westphalia
- From The Peace Of Westphalia To The Congress Of Vienna
- From the Congress of Vienna To the Paris Peace Treaties of 1919
- From the Paris Peace Treaties to the End of the Second World War
- China–Europe
- Japan–Europe
- India–Europe
- Russia–Europe
- North American Indigenous Peoples’ Encounters
- Diplomacy
- Discovery, Conquest, and Occupation of Territory
- Colonialism and Domination
- Slavery
- The Civilized and the Uncivilized
- A History of International Law Histories
- Doctrine Versus State Practice
- The Periodization of the History of International Law
- The Reception of Ancient Legal Thought in Early Modern International Law
- Eurocentrism in the History of International Law
- Identifying Regions in the History of International Law
- Muhammad Al-Shaybānī (749/50–805)
- Francisco De Vitoria (1483–1546) and Francisco Suárez (1548–1617)
- Alberico Gentili (1552–1608)
- Hugo Grotius (1583–1645)
- Samuel Pufendorf (1632–1694)
- Christian Wolff (1679–1754)
- Cornelius Van Bynkershoek (1673–1743)
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778)
- Emer De Vattel (1714–1767)
- Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831)
- Henry Wheaton (1785–1848)
- Francis Lieber (1798–1872)
- Bertha Von Suttner (1843–1914)
- Friedrich Fromhold Von Martens (Fyodor Fyodorovich Martens) (1845–1909)
- Lassa Oppenheim (1858–1919)
- Max Huber (1874–1960)
- Georges Scelle (1878–1961)
- Hans Kelsen (1881–1973)
- Carl Schmitt (1888–1985)
- Hersch Lauterpacht (1897–1960)
- Index