Abnormalities of Event-Related Potential Components in Schizophrenia
Brian F. O'Donnell, Dean F. Salisbury, Margaret A. Niznikiewicz, Colleen A. Brenner, and Jenifer L. Vohs
Schizophrenia is a disabling psychotic illness that has been associated with alterations in synaptic connectivity and neurotransmission. Since event-related potential (ERP) components are ...
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The acoustic environment
William J. Davies
This article provides an overview of what shapes the acoustic signals that arrive at the ear. There are three physical processes which are capable of generating audible sound: a vibrating ...
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Acoustic Structure and Musical Function: Musical Notes Informing Auditory Research
Michael Schutz
Music’s continual temporal changes make it a useful stimulus for studying cognitive and neural processes unfolding over time. Although this dynamic nature is widely recognized on a macro ...
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Affective Brain-Computer Interfaces: Neuroscientific Approaches to Affect Detection
Christian Mühl, Dirk Heylen, and Anton Nijholt
This chapter is from the forthcoming The Oxford Handbook of Affective Computing edited by Rafael Calvo, Sidney K. D'Mello, Jonathan Gratch, and Arvid Kappas. The brain is involved in the ...
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Affective disorders in development
Michele A. Morningstar, Whitney I. Mattson, and Eric E. Nelson
Pediatric anxiety and depression significantly impair youth’s social and emotional functioning. The increased emergence of affective disorders during adolescence points to the involvement ...
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The afferent synapse
Jonathan Ashmore
This article introduces a number of critical features of the afferent synapse with particular reference to mammalian hearing. The auditory synapse is the first relay point for the input of ...
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Age-Related Decline in Working Memory and Episodic Memory
Sander Daselaar and Roberto Cabeza
Memory is one of the cognitive functions that deteriorate most with age. The types of memory most affected by aging are working memory, the short-term memory maintenance and simultaneous ...
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Aging changes in the central auditory system
Robert D. Frisina
This article examines age-related changes in the central auditory system from anatomical and neurochemical vantage points, and then the functional consequences of these structural changes ...
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Alexithymia from the Social Neuroscience Perspective
Sylvie Berthoz, Lydia Pouga, and Michele Wessa
Alexithymia is a multifaceted personality construct characterized by the impaired ability to reflect on and regulate one’s own emotions. This chapter refers to a wide range of domains of ...
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Alterations of ERP Components in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Rolf Verleger
This chapter reviews event-related potential (ERP) studies in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. Such studies have been conducted from two different points of view: using ...
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Analogy and Relational Reasoning
Keith J. Holyoak
Analogy is an inductive mechanism based on structured comparisons of mental representations. It is an important special case of role-based relational reasoning, in which inferences are ...
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Animal Metacognition
J. David Smith, Michael J. Beran, and Justin J. Couchman
Metacognition refers to the monitoring and control of basic cognitive processes. The presumption is that some minds have a cognitive executive that oversees and regulates thinking and ...
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Anomia and Anomic Aphasia: Implications for Lexical Processing
Stacy M. Harnish
Anomia is a term that describes the inability to retrieve a desired word, and is the most common deficit present across different aphasia syndromes. Anomic aphasia is a specific aphasia ...
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Antisocial Personality Disorders
Andrea L. Glenn and Adrian Raine
Neuroscience research is beginning to uncover significant neurobiological impairments in antisocial, violent, and aggressive groups. The neurophysiologic basis of antisocial behavior is ...
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Applications of Neuroscience to Mathematics Education
Bert De Smedt and Roland H. Grabner
In this chapter, we explore three types of applications of neuroscience to mathematics education: neurounderstanding, neuroprediction, and neurointervention. Neurounderstanding refers to ...
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Approaches to Visual Search: Feature Integration Theory and Guided Search
Jeremy M. Wolfe
In her original Feature Integration Theory, Anne Treisman proposed that we process a limited set of basic preattentive, visual features in parallel across the visual field. Binding those ...
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Arthropod NavigationAnts, Bees, Crabs, Spiders Finding Their Way
Ken Cheng
Arthropods are a much-studied group of animals. They include insects, spiders, and hard-shelled invertebrates such as crabs. This chapter reviews four broad topics on the navigational ...
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Artificial Categories and Prototype Effects in Animals
Masako Jitsumori
This chapter reviews studies documenting that nonhuman animals, such as pigeons and monkeys, are capable of learning artificial categories created based on assumptions concerning the ...
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The Asperger Syndrome
Bruno Wicker and Marie Gomot
This chapter reviews major recent findings in Asperger Syndrome (AS), ranging from behavior to neurobiology, and focusing both on social cognitive and executive processes and their ...
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