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date: 11 December 2019

Abstract and Keywords

Since the end of World War II, Europe has known an unprecedented period of peace that has profoundly altered the political landscape of the continent. Yet at the same time, for much of the postwar period, this peace has been accompanied by frightening preparations for a global nuclear war – in the 1960s, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) planned to deploy in Western Europe 7,000 tactical atomic warheads of different yields – and by a number of recurrent crises that repeatedly threatened the stability of the postwar order. Nor should one neglect the fact that two European powers – France and Britain – still field the third and fifth largest nuclear arsenals in the whole world respectively. This article explores the post World War II evolution of defence and security policies in Western Europe, as well as the role of nuclear weapons in European security and the shifting perceptions of war in European public opinion and mentality. After considering colonial empires, decolonisation and nuclear issues, it discusses the last years of the Cold War.

Keywords: postwar period, World War II, Western Europe, nuclear weapons, colonial empires, decolonisation, Cold War, NATO, security policies, defence

Leopoldo Nuti

Leopoldo Nuti is Professor of History of International Relations at the University of Roma Tre and Director of CIMA, an Italian Inter-university Center for Cold War Studies. Prof. Nuti has been a Fulbright student at George Washington University (MA, class of ’86), NATO Research Fellow, Jean Monnet Fellow at the European University Institute, Research Fellow at the CSIA, Harvard University, Research Fellow for the Nuclear History Program, Senior Research Fellow at the Norwegian Nobel Institute, and Visiting Professor at the Institut d’Etudes Politiques in Paris. He has published extensively in Italian, English and French on US-Italian relations and Italian foreign and security policy. His latest books are a history of nuclear weapons in Italy during the Cold War, La sfida nucleare. La politico estera italiana e le armi nucleari, 1945–1991 (2007) and, as an editor, The Crisis of Detente in Europe: From Helsinki to Gorbachev, 1975–1985 (2008).

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