This chapter discusses the structure of local administration in the Roman Empire and the responsibilities of the various local magistrates, the town council and the public assembly. It explores the responsibilities of the magistrates with regard to jurisdiction, public finance, and the management of public property, and the question whether holding a magistracy became less popular over time. It also discusses the connection between central government and the towns of the Empire, and the involvement of central officials in the running of towns. Finally, this chapter explores the legal position and responsibilities of resident foreigners, as well as the importance of the connection to a hometown for feelings of personal identity and pride among the Empire’s inhabitants.