- The Oxford Handbook of the Auditory Brainstem
- Oxford Handbooks in Neuroscience
- About the Editor
- Contributors
- Introduction and Overview
- Wiring the Cochlea for Sound Perception
- The Diversified Form and Function of Cochlear Afferents
- Efferent Innervation to the Cochlea
- The Cochlear Nuclei: Synaptic Plasticity in Circuits and Synapses in the Ventral Cochlear Nuclei
- In Vitro Studies of Neuromodulation and Plasticity in the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus
- Molecular and Structural Changes in the Cochlear Nucleus in Response to Hearing Loss
- Age-Related and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Central Consequences in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
- The Cochlear Nucleus as a Generator of Tinnitus-Related Signals
- Multimodal Inputs to the Cochlear Nucleus and their Role in the Generation of Tinnitus
- Perinatal Development of the Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body
- Extraction of Auditory Information by Modulation of Neuronal Ion Channels
- The Medial Superior Olivary Nucleus: Meeting the Need for Speed
- Lateral Superior Olive: Organization, Development, and Plasticity
- The Superior Paraolivary Nucleus
- Perineuronal Nets in the Superior Olivary Complex: Development, Function, and Plasticity
- The Nuclei of the Lateral Lemniscus
- Axon Trajectories in the Auditory Brainstem
- Neuron Types, Intrinsic Circuits, and Plasticity in the Inferior Colliculus
- Changes in the Inferior Colliculus Associated with Hearing Loss: Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, Age-Related Hearing Loss, Tinnitus and Hyperacusis
- Unifying the Midbrain: The Commissure of the Inferior Colliculus
- Neuromodulatory Feedback to the Inferior Colliculus
- Descending Auditory Pathways and Plasticity
- Aging Processes in the Subcortical Auditory System
- Glial Cells in the Auditory Brainstem
- Deviance Detection and Encoding Acoustic Regularity in the Auditory Midbrain
- Brainstem Encoding of Speech and Music Sounds in Humans
- The Auditory Brainstem Implant: Restoration of Speech Understanding from Electric Stimulation of the Human Cochlear Nucleus
- Index
Abstract and Keywords
The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) is a surgically implanted device to electrically stimulate auditory neurons in the cochlear nucleus complex of the brainstem in humans to restore hearing sensations. The ABI is similar in function to a cochlear implant, but overall outcomes are poorer. However, recent applications of the ABI to new patient populations and improvements in surgical technique have led to significant improvements in outcomes. While the ABI provides hearing benefits to patients, the outcomes challenge our understanding of how the brain processes neural patterns of auditory information. The neural pattern of activation produced by an ABI is highly unnatural, yet some patients achieve high levels of speech understanding. Based on a meta-analysis of ABI surgeries and outcomes, a theory is proposed of a specialized sub-system of the cochlear nucleus that is critical for speech understanding.
Keywords: cochlear nucleus, auditory brainstem implant, auditory prosthesis, speech understanding, low spontaneous neurons, small cell cap
Robert V. Shannon, University of Southern California
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- The Oxford Handbook of the Auditory Brainstem
- Oxford Handbooks in Neuroscience
- About the Editor
- Contributors
- Introduction and Overview
- Wiring the Cochlea for Sound Perception
- The Diversified Form and Function of Cochlear Afferents
- Efferent Innervation to the Cochlea
- The Cochlear Nuclei: Synaptic Plasticity in Circuits and Synapses in the Ventral Cochlear Nuclei
- In Vitro Studies of Neuromodulation and Plasticity in the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus
- Molecular and Structural Changes in the Cochlear Nucleus in Response to Hearing Loss
- Age-Related and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Central Consequences in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
- The Cochlear Nucleus as a Generator of Tinnitus-Related Signals
- Multimodal Inputs to the Cochlear Nucleus and their Role in the Generation of Tinnitus
- Perinatal Development of the Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body
- Extraction of Auditory Information by Modulation of Neuronal Ion Channels
- The Medial Superior Olivary Nucleus: Meeting the Need for Speed
- Lateral Superior Olive: Organization, Development, and Plasticity
- The Superior Paraolivary Nucleus
- Perineuronal Nets in the Superior Olivary Complex: Development, Function, and Plasticity
- The Nuclei of the Lateral Lemniscus
- Axon Trajectories in the Auditory Brainstem
- Neuron Types, Intrinsic Circuits, and Plasticity in the Inferior Colliculus
- Changes in the Inferior Colliculus Associated with Hearing Loss: Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, Age-Related Hearing Loss, Tinnitus and Hyperacusis
- Unifying the Midbrain: The Commissure of the Inferior Colliculus
- Neuromodulatory Feedback to the Inferior Colliculus
- Descending Auditory Pathways and Plasticity
- Aging Processes in the Subcortical Auditory System
- Glial Cells in the Auditory Brainstem
- Deviance Detection and Encoding Acoustic Regularity in the Auditory Midbrain
- Brainstem Encoding of Speech and Music Sounds in Humans
- The Auditory Brainstem Implant: Restoration of Speech Understanding from Electric Stimulation of the Human Cochlear Nucleus
- Index
