This chapter examines a wide range of mass displacement scenarios in South Asia, including the impact of the Partition of India and Pakistan, the constitution of and discrimination against stateless populations, and the consequences of development projects across the region. It first looks at the root causes of displacement and the experiences of refugees, internally displaced persons, and other forced migrants in South Asia. In particular, it considers conflict-induced displacement and how development projects have led to internal displacement, along with statelessness in the region. It also highlights the gendered nature of displacement and analyses South Asia’s contemporary displacement situations within a historical context.