Ezekiel J. Emanuel is the Chair of the Department of Clinical Bioethics at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Medicine, the Association of American Physicians, as well as the Hastings Center, Garrison, NY. He is author of The Ends of Human Life: Medical Ethics in a Liberal Polity (Harvard University Press, 1991) and No Margin, No Mission: Health-Care Organizations and the Quest for Ethical Excellence (Oxford University Press, 2003), and co-editor (with Robert A. Crouch, John D. Arras, Jonathan D. Moreno, and Christine Grady) of Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Clinical Research: Readings and Commentary (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003).

Benjamin J. Krohmal is a fellow in the Department of Clinical Bioethics at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. His current focus is on research ethics and the ethics of health-care reform.