Abstract: Frege's Contribution to Philosophy of Language – Wittgenstein on Language: From Simples to Samples – Philosophy of Language in the Twentieth Century – Psychologism – Language as Internal – Languages and Idiolects: Their Language and Ours – Rule-Following, Meaning, and Normativity – Naturalist Theories of Meaning – Truth and Meaning – Meaning Holism – Indeterminacy of Translation – Intention-Based Semantics – Propositional Content – Conceptual Role Semantics – Semantic Internalism and Externalism – Relevance Theory—New Directions and Developments – The Distinction between Semantics and Pragmatics – The Essence of Reference – Predicate Reference – Rigidity – Names and Natural Kind Terms – What Does it Take to Refer? – Formal Semantics – Two-Dimensional Semantics – Deflationism – Compositionality – Opacity – Tense – Plurals – The Pragmatics of the Logical Constants – Quantifiers – Logical Form and LF – Metaphor – Semantics for Nondeclaratives – Speech Acts and Performatives – Meaning and Reference: Some Chomskian Themes – What I Know When I Know a Language – Realism and Antirealism – Triangulation – Shared Content – The Perils and Pleasures of Interpretation

Keywords: concept, constant, content, context, epistemology, essence, externalism, holism, intention, interpretation, natural kind, philosophy of language, logic, logical constants, meaning, metaphor, metaphysics, nature, philosophy, pleasure, pragmatics, predicate, proposition, reference, semantics, speech acts, language, names, natural, truth