Abstract: Introduction – Phenomenology as Rigorous Science – Hermeneutics – Philosophical Aestheticism – The History of Philosophy as Philosophy – Historicism – What Have We Been Missing? Science and Philosophy in Twentieth-Century French Thought – Marxism and the Status of Critique – Serpentine Naturalism and Protean Nihilism: Transcendental Philosophy in Anthropological Post-Kantianism, German Idealism, and Neo-Kantianism – Dialectic, Value Objectivity, and the Unity of Reason – Overcoming Epistemology – Individual Existence and the Philosophy of Difference – Consciousness in the World: Husserlian Phenomenology and Externalism – Nihilism and the Meaning of Life – ‘The Presentation of the Infinite in the Finite’: The Place of God in Post-Kantian Philosophy – Being at Home: Human Beings and Human Bodies – Freedom as Autonomy – The Legacy of Hellenic Harmony – Political, Moral, and Critical Theory: On the Practical Philosophy of the Frankfurt School – The Humanism Debate – Morality Critics

Keywords: aesthetic, aestheticism, consciousness, continental philosophy, critical theory, dialectic, epistemology, existence, externalism, God, historicism, idealism, individual, life, Marxism, meaning, method, morality, naturalism, nihilism, phenomenology, philosophy, reason, theory, transcendental, value, human beings, natural, present, thought