Abstract: Introduction – The History of the Philosophy of Biology – Darwinian Evolutionary Theory: Its Structure and Its Mechanism – Population Thinking – Testing Adaptive Hypotheses, Optimality Models, and Adaptationism – Teleology – Evolvability – Species and Taxonomy – Chance Variation and Evolutionary Contingency: Darwin, Simpson, The Simpsons, and Gould – Macroevolution – Beyond Theoretical Reduction and Layer-Cake Antireduction: How DNA Retooled Genetics and Transformed Biological Practice – Origins of Life Studies – Evo-Devo – Philosophical Issues Arising from Genomics – Animal Behavior – Philosophy of Neuroscience – Teleological Theories of Mental Content: Can Darwin Solve the Problem of Intentionality? – Sociobiology, Evolutionary Psychology, and Cultural Evolution – Evolution of Moral Norms – Genes and Society – The Concept of Race in Medicine – Ecology and the Environment – Agriculture and Agricultural Biotechnology – Biology and Religion – Feminist Philosophy of Biology – The Rhetorical Dimension of Stephen Jay Gould's Work

Keywords: philosophy of biology, chance, concept, content, evolution, evolutionary psychology, intention, intentionality, life, mechanism, model, neuroscience, philosophy, population, rhetoric, society, species, theory, thinking, feminist philosophy, models, race