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The Oxford Handbook of Business History Jones, Geoffrey Isidor Straus Professor of Business History, Harvard Business School Zeitlin, Jonathan Professor of Sociology, Public Affairs, Political Science, and History, University of Wisconsin-Madison Print publication date: 2008 (this edition) Print ISBN-13: 978-0-19-926368-4 Published to Oxford Handbooks Online: September 2009
15 Technology and Innovation doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199263684.003.0015 Margaret B. W. Graham Abstract: Introduction – Vital Distinctions – Innovation History – Institutionalizing Innovation in Firms and Industries – Open versus Closed Innovation Systems – Industrializing Research – The Changing Research Climate – Creative Regions – New Directions – International Perspectives – Germany, Great Britain, and Japan Revisited – Social Context of Innovation – Cognitive Aspects of Industrial Research – Conclusions Keywords: open, function, innovation, system,
Margaret B. W. Graham is Associate Professor of Strategy and Organization at the Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Canada. She holds a Ph.D. in History and an MBA from Harvard University. She has published RCA and the VideoDisc: The Business of Research (1986), R&D for Industry: A Century of Technical Innovation at Alcoa (co-authored by Bettye H. Pruitt) (1990), and Corning and the Craft of Innovation (co-authored by Alec T. Shuldiner) (2001). She is a founding director of the Winthrop Group, Inc., a group of consulting historians and archivists, and for several years in the 1990s she was an executive at Xerox PARC (The Palo Alto Research Center).	Margaret B. W. Graham Find in OUP journals External web page